胎儿权益保护问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 07:38

本文关键词： 胎儿权益权利能力立法模式法律救济　出处：《西北大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来我国胎儿受侵害的事件频频发生,但法律关于胎儿权益保护的规定明显落后,仅在继承法中略有提及。立法的空白使得胎儿处于被动的“接受侵害”的状态,在接受侵害之后,更因为缺少相关法律救济而不能要求加害人承担相应的责任。随着人权观念、公民维权意识的不断提高,生物、医学技术的不断进步,人们对胎儿权益的关注日益加强,必然要求现行立法对该问题做出回应。为解决这个问题,本文试图通过五个部分对胎儿权益保护进行探讨。第一部分,介绍去年发生的重大案例引出胎儿权益保护问题。第二部分主要界定胎儿的法律含义,胎儿是指处于母体胎盘中所有阶段的生命形式,包括受孕期间孕卵、胚胎、胎儿三个阶段。在比较胎儿与自然人特性的基础上,分析胎儿权益保护的理论基础,采纳权利能力说中完全权利能力说的法定解除条件说,提出应当赋予胎儿权利能力的建议。第三部分主要介绍域外胎儿权益保护的立法概况,分为国外立法概况和我国港澳台地区的立法概况,国外大陆法系主要采用总括性保护主义,个别性保护主义及绝对主义三种立法例,国外英美法系主要采用判例法保护胎儿损害赔偿请求权,我国港澳台地区也对胎儿权益作了相应保护,在了解和分析的基础上进行归纳总结,指出我国法律建设可采纳的先进立法。第四部分主要研究我国大陆地区胎儿权益保护现状,发现我国胎儿权益保护存在的立法不足。第五部分主要针对目前我国立法存在的不足,借鉴域外先进经验,阐述相关胎儿权益保护的完善建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the infringing events of fetus occurred frequently in our country, but the legal provisions on the protection of fetal rights and interests were obviously backward. Only a slight mention is made in the inheritance law... The blank legislation makes the fetus in a passive state of "accepting an infringement", after accepting the infringement. More because of the lack of relevant legal remedies can not require perpetrators to bear the corresponding responsibilities. With the concept of human rights, citizens' awareness of human rights, biological, medical technology continues to improve. People pay more and more attention to fetal rights and interests, which will inevitably require the current legislation to respond to this problem. In order to solve this problem, this paper attempts to discuss the protection of fetal rights and interests through five parts. The first part. The second part mainly defines the legal meaning of the fetus, which refers to the life form in all stages of the mother's placenta, including the pregnant egg during pregnancy. On the basis of comparing the characteristics of fetus and natural person, this paper analyzes the theoretical basis of fetal rights and interests protection, and adopts the legal release condition theory of full right capacity theory in the theory of right capacity. The third part mainly introduces the legislative overview of the protection of foreign fetal rights and interests, including the general situation of foreign legislation and the legislative overview of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Foreign civil law system mainly adopts three kinds of legislation examples: omnibus protectionism, individual protectionism and absolutism, while the common law system mainly adopts case law to protect the right to claim for fetal damages. Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in China have also made a corresponding protection of fetal rights and interests, on the basis of understanding and analysis to sum up. It is pointed out that the advanced legislation adopted in the legal construction of our country. Part 4th mainly studies the present situation of the protection of fetal rights and interests in mainland China. It is found that there is insufficient legislation for the protection of fetal rights and interests in our country. Part 5th mainly aims at the shortcomings of legislation in our country at present, draws lessons from the advanced experience of foreign countries, and expounds the relevant suggestions for improving the protection of fetal rights and interests.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D921;D923

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