俄罗斯联邦公民居住权的宪法保障及启示

发布时间：2018-03-20 08:30

本文选题：俄罗斯联邦　切入点：公民居住权　出处：《延边大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在城市化进程日益加速的今天,高房价、居住难对公民个体的困扰业已作为一个世界性的热点问题摆在各国权力机关和政府的面前,我国亦不能免俗。自1998年我国的福利分房制度正式退出历史舞台以来,20多年间我国已经在探索中逐渐发展起一套具有本国特色的居住用房及相应设施的流转和保障制度。但是在最近5年,“蚁族”、“蜗居”等词汇频繁的冲击着我们的视觉神经和听觉神经,让我们不得不遗憾的承认,老百姓住房难在当今中国已经成为了一个刻不容缓问题而急需妥善的解决；否则,对于社会的稳定、民生目标的达成乃至和谐社会的建立都会产生难以估量的负面影响。“居住难”这个问题爆发的原因是多方面、综合性的,这里仅从宪法学的层面来考量。笔者个人觉得,我国在宪法上,对于公民居住权内涵的认知缺失,是导致这个矛盾凸显的根本原因;换句话说,想解决公民“居住难”问题,首先要发展和完善我国现行宪法,明晰适于我国现阶段发展状况的公民居住权的内涵范畴,并将其以宪法规范的形式加以固定,进而建立一套可行的公民居住权保障体系,并深化和加强宪法对其的监督力度,从而逐步有效的保障公民居住权得以落实,以解决当前“居住难”的问题。与我国一衣带水的俄罗斯联邦独立于前苏维埃联盟,在历史、政治、乃至国民意识形态上与我国均有着颇深的渊源。而俄罗斯联邦在1991年至1998年期间也曾存在与我国目前所面临的“居住难”问题相类似的情形,而且由于自由化思潮和政治制度等因素的影响,其程度之严重较我国更深。但俄罗斯联邦政府及相关主体在《联邦宪法》的指引和规范下,短短的5年间即扭转了居住权保障不力的局面,重塑了公民对联邦的信心,使居住资源市场摆脱了崩盘的危险,重新回复到良性发展的轨道上去,这不得不令人钦佩。《联邦宪法》及其配套的下位法在这场战役中起到了多大的价值,它们在公民居住权保障上究竟是如何运行的,相关的经验能否为我国所用等等问题引起了笔者的兴趣,这也是促使这篇文章得以面世的直接动因和目的。本课题以俄罗斯联邦公民居住权介评为主线,同时附带的介绍了当今世界主要国家的宪法在公民居住权及其保障上所取得的成绩。文章第一部分是绪论部分,针对选题背景、选题意义、研究现状等展开介绍,为下文对主要内容的论述打下基础；文章第二部分主要是针对俄联邦联邦公民居住权展开评介,同时附带介绍了当今国际法上对公民居住权内涵已经达成的共识,目的在于明晰公民居住权这个法学理念所应有的内涵；文章的第三部分以历史发展为主线,对俄联邦公民居住权的前世今生展开探索,通过历时性研究力求解读俄联邦公民居住权的发展轨迹；在明晰了俄联邦公民居住权的内涵和发展历程的前提下,文章的第四部分尝试解读和评论对这项权利的宪法保障途径,并针对其静态保障模式及动态保障模式的特点进行了分析；从而为文章的第五部分奠定基础,其目的是使我国能够从俄罗斯联邦的相应立法、司法行为中得到一定启示,从而为我国的宪法和宪政手段得以进一步完善和发展提供相应的参考资料。
[Abstract]:In the process of accelerating the city today, high prices, living difficult for individual citizens have problems as a hot issue in the world in front of the authority and the government of our country, also cannot escape. Since 1998, China's welfare housing system officially quit the stage of history, 20 years I China has been in the exploration gradually develop a set of its own living space and corresponding facilities and circulation security system. But in the last 5 years, the "ant tribe", "dwelling", the impact of frequent visual and auditory nerve to us, we are sorry to admit that people living in in today's difficult China has become an urgent problem needed solved properly; otherwise, for social stability, the establishment of a harmonious society and even the people's livelihood goals will have incalculable negative impact " The reason to question the outbreak of living is multifaceted, comprehensive, here only from the constitutional level to consider. I personally feel that in our constitution, for lack of cognitive connotation of housing rights of citizens, is the fundamental cause of this contradiction; in other words, to solve the "housing difficult" problem of citizens first of all, to develop and improve China's current constitution, suitable for clear connotation and category the present development situation of civil rights, and the form to be fixed by the constitution, and then set up a set of feasible civil rights safeguard system, and deepen and strengthen the supervision of the constitution, thus gradually effective protection of civil rights can be implemented, to solve the "housing difficult" problems.
China's Russian Federation and a narrow strip of water independent of the former Soviet Union, in history, politics, and national ideology and China have deep roots in Russian Federation. In 1991 to 1998 there was in China and facing the "housing difficult" problem similar to the situation, but due to the impact of liberalization the political system and other factors, its severity is our country deeply. But the Russian Federation government and related subjects in the < > federal constitutional guidelines and norms, a short span of 5 years, which turned the residence of poor security bureau, reshape the public confidence in the federal, the living resources market to get rid of the crash danger, back to the benign development track, which had to be admirable. The Federal Constitution > and supporting the lower level law has played a big role in this battle, they are in the public houses How does the right of residence actually operate? Whether the relevant experience can arouse the interest of our country and other issues, is also the direct motivation and purpose for this article to be published.
Subject to the Russian Federation civil rights review as the main line, at the same time with the introduction of the world's major countries in the constitution of civil rights and safeguard the achievements. The first part is the introduction, the background, significance, research status quo and expand the introduction, lay the foundation for the following discussion of the main content; the second part is mainly directed against the Russian federal civil rights expansion review, at the same time on the fringe of today's international law on the connotation of the living rights of citizens has reached a consensus to clear the civil rights law concept the connotation; the third part of the article based on the historical development as the main line, focus on exploration of the Russian Federation the right of citizens living in preexistence, through a diachronic study tries to analyze the development track of the Russian federal civil rights; in the Russian Federation citizens home The premise of the implication and the development right under the fourth part of the article tries to interpret and comment on the constitutional protection of the right of way, and analyzed its static and dynamic security mode security mode; so as to lay the foundation for the fifth part of the article, the purpose is to make our legislation from the corresponding Russian Federation, get some enlightenment of judicial behavior, so as to provide reference for further improvement and development of our country's constitution and constitutional means.

【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D951.2;DD911

【参考文献】