1853年美国太平洋铁路立法辩论及其意义

发布时间：2018-04-13 05:28

本文选题：美国 + 太平洋铁路　；参考：《华东政法大学学报》2015年03期

【摘要】：从19世纪40年代中期到内战期间,美国国会围绕太平洋铁路的立法问题进行了数次辩论。其中,1853年的立法辩论最为激烈。围绕美国应当如何修建太平洋铁路的问题,推动和反对太平洋铁路议案的议员进行了激烈的争论。这场辩论不仅仅是围绕美国是否应该修建太平洋铁路这一具体政策的辩论,它实际上涉及内战前美国国家发展的一些根本问题,即随着美国快速西部扩张和新州不断加入联邦,如何确保国家的完整与主权的统一?联邦政府和州政府的权力如何随着美国社会的发展来调整各自的功能、职责和权力范围?美国究竟是一个松散的联盟还是一个强有力的民族国家?联邦政府应该在美国经济事务的发展中发挥何种作用?围绕横贯大陆铁路立法的辩论,实际上反映的是美国在逐渐成为横跨两大洋的大国的过程中,国会立法者在美国未来的发展走向、联邦政府和州政府在美国经济发展中的作用以及辉格党和民主党的不同国家理念等问题上的分歧。
[Abstract]:From the mid-1840s to the Civil War, Congress debated the Pacific Railway legislation.Among them, the 1853 legislative debate is the most fierce.There has been a heated debate among lawmakers pushing and opposing the Pacific Railway bill over how the United States should build the Pacific Railway.This debate is not just about the specific policy of whether the United States should build the Pacific Railway, but it actually addresses some of the fundamental issues of American national development before the Civil War, that is, with the rapid western expansion of the United States and the continued accession of new states to the Union.How to ensure the unity of national integrity and sovereignty?How do the powers of the federal and state governments adjust their functions, responsibilities, and areas of power as American society evolves?Is America a loose union or a powerful nation-state?What role should the federal government play in the development of American economic affairs?The debate over the legislation on the transcontinental railway actually reflects the future development of the United States as the United States gradually becomes a major power across the two oceans.The role of the federal and state governments in the economic development of the United States and the differences between the Whig Party and the Democratic Party on different national ideas.
【作者单位】：重庆大学人文社会科学高等研究院;
【基金】：重庆大学中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“国家构建视野下的美国横贯大陆铁路立法研究”(项目号106112015CDJSK47XK32)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D971.2;DD911

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