论台湾“宪政改革”及其影响

发布时间：2018-05-13 00:22

本文选题：台湾 + 宪政改革　；参考：《广西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文的主要研究对象是从20世纪90年代初至今的台湾“宪政改革”及其影响,本文的研究目的即是通过对该研究对象的综合与分析,理清台湾“宪政改革”的基本脉络,为两岸关系政策的制定提供参考。按照西方宪法学原理,凡因修改宪法涉及宪政体制调整变更的行为,均可认为是“宪政改革”。所以,台湾的“宪政改革”可说是由来已久,从对《中华民国宪法》的第一次修改,到之后对《动员勘乱临时约法》的修改都应看作是台湾“宪政改革”的一部分。但由于本文的撰写目的,故所谈台湾“宪改”及其影响,重点应是1991年之后对两岸关系影响甚巨的的七次“修宪”。本文的创新之处在于从宏观微观两个层面对台湾“宪政改革”历程(内容、原因、特点)以及影响进行解构,即从宏观的视野审视台湾“宪改”的发展脉络,从微观的角度透视“宪改”的法理基础,从而对台湾“宪改”的影响作出一个相对严谨的分析,并对大陆对台政策的制定者提出具有针对性的建议,希望能对祖国统一尽绵薄之力。本文由引言、正文和结语组成,正文分为四个大部分：第一部分是对台湾宪政制度进行背景分析。要深入了解台湾“宪政改革”就必须先化验台湾“宪政改革”产生的土壤。台湾“宪政”的发生有其独特的背景。首先是台湾有其自成一统的“宪政体系”；其次是其“宪政体系”有着系统的理论基础；最后,其“宪政体系”在“宪改”前也经历了长达四十年的演变,台湾“宪改”就是在这些大背景下进行的。第二部分是介绍台湾“宪改”的过程,包括“宪改”的内容、原因和特点。本文所讲的台湾“宪改”主要是李登辉上台后的七次“修宪”,所以本部分以时间为纵轴,将七次“修宪”分为七个阶段,分别对每个阶段的“修宪”内容进行详细的比较和剖析,在此基础上探寻“宪改”的原因和特点。第三部分本文重点讨论台湾“宪改”的影响。根据内外因的分析方法,本部分把台湾“宪改”的影响分为两个部分,对台湾本土的影响和对祖国统一的影响。对台湾岛内的影响方面有分别介绍了台湾“宪改”对其本土的积极的和消极的影响。目前大陆学者对台湾“宪政改革”的影响分析上侧重于分析台湾“宪改”对祖国统一的反动,却忽略了台湾“宪改”从另一方面来讲顺应了民主政治的发展潮流,对于台湾是一种巨大的进步,因而在台湾具有比较广泛的民意基础,而这恰恰是我们认识“台湾问题”不得不考虑的一个前提条件。第四部分本文针对“台湾问题”特别是“法理台独”的现实影响,提出了若干有针对性的意见。对于任何关心“祖国统一”的中国人,在做“台湾问题”相关研究时,都会把研究的落脚点放在“统一”两个字上,这也是其研究的意义所在,本文亦然。本部分一方面特别从法律法治角度分析《反分裂国家法》制定背景、法理基础和意义,得出以法遏独的重要性；另一方面主张多管齐下多策并举遏制“台独”发展,主要从政治宣传、经济互惠、文化交流和军事威慑等四个方面提出了一些比较务实的建议,以期对大陆的对台政策创新有所裨益。
[Abstract]:The main object of this paper is the "constitutional reform" and its influence in Taiwan from the early 1990s to the present. The purpose of this study is to clarify the basic context of the "constitutional reform" in Taiwan and provide reference for the formulation of the cross-straits relations policy through the synthesis and analysis of the research object.
According to the principles of western constitutionalism, the amendment of the constitution to the change of constitutional system can be considered as "constitutional reform". Therefore, the "constitutional reform" in Taiwan can be said for a long time. From the first revision to the constitution of the Republic of China, the revision of the provisional agreement on mobilization and exploration should be regarded as the "constitutional government of Taiwan". However, because of the purpose of writing this article, the "constitutional reform" and its influence in Taiwan should be the seven "constitutional amendment" which had a great influence on the cross-strait relations after 1991.
The innovation of this article is to deconstruct the course of Taiwan "constitutional reform" (content, reason, characteristic) and influence from the two layers of macro and micro, that is to examine the development of "constitutional reform" in Taiwan from a macro perspective, and to examine the legal basis of "constitutional reform" from a microcosmic perspective, so as to make a phase to the influence of the "constitutional reform" of Taiwan. This paper, based on the introduction, the main body and the conclusion, is divided into four parts: the preface, the text and the conclusion.
The first part is the background analysis of the constitutional system in Taiwan. In order to understand the "constitutional reform" in Taiwan, it is necessary to test the soil produced by the "constitutional reform" in Taiwan. The occurrence of the "constitutional government" in Taiwan has its unique background. First, Taiwan has its own "constitutional system", and the second is that the "constitutional system" has its own system. In the end, the "constitutional system" has also experienced forty years of evolution before "constitutional reform", and the "constitutional reform" in Taiwan was carried out in these big backgrounds.
The second part is the introduction of the process of "constitutional reform" in Taiwan, including the contents, reasons and characteristics of "constitutional reform". The Taiwan "constitutional reform" in this article is mainly the seven "constitutional amendment" after Li Denghui came to power. Therefore, this part takes the time as a longitudinal axis and divides the seven "constitutional amendment" into seven stages, respectively, for the content of "constitutional amendment" in each stage. On the basis of detailed comparison and analysis, the reasons and characteristics of "constitutional reform" are explored.
The third part of this article focuses on the influence of Taiwan "constitutional reform". According to the analysis method of internal and external causes, this part divides the influence of Taiwan "constitutional reform" into two parts, the influence on the native land of Taiwan and the influence on the reunification of the motherland. The influence of the Taiwan on the island of Taiwan is respectively introduced to the positive and negative of Taiwan "constitutional reform" to its native place. The influence of the mainland scholars on the "constitutional reform" in Taiwan is focused on the analysis of the reactionary reunification of "constitutional reform" in Taiwan on the reunification of the motherland, but neglects that the "constitutional reform" of Taiwan has complied with the trend of democratic politics on the other hand, and is a great progress for Taiwan, and thus has a wide range of public opinion in Taiwan. This is precisely a prerequisite for our understanding of the "Taiwan issue".
The fourth part, in view of the actual influence of "the Taiwan question", especially the "legal independence and independence", puts forward some pertinent opinions. For any Chinese people who are concerned about "the reunification of the motherland", they will put the foothold on the "unification" of the two words in the study of "the question of the country", which is also the significance of its research. On the one hand, this part, on the one hand, analyzes the background, legal basis and significance of "anti split state law" from the legal rule of law. On the other hand, it draws the importance of law to curb independence. On the other hand, it advocates multi policy and multi policy to contain the development of "Taiwan independence", mainly from four parties, such as political propaganda, economic reciprocity, cultural exchange and military deterrence. Some practical proposals were put forward to help the mainland's policy towards Taiwan.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D921;D927

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