从汉冶萍公司的兴衰看晚清的宪政缺失

发布时间：2018-05-15 15:40

本文选题：汉冶萍公司 + 汉阳铁厂　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：十九世纪中后期以来，随着鸦片战争的爆发，西方列强一步步的入侵我国，在掠夺土地、财富等各种资源的同时，也将西方的文化、思想输入到我国，逐渐形成了西学东渐的局面。伴随着门户的开放，晚清政府陷入了内忧外患的局面，对此，晚清政府发起了旨在自强的洋务运动，兴办各种大型企业正是其中一部分重要内容。汉冶萍公司正是创办于十九世纪晚期，是晚清最大的重工业企业，在其发展历程经历了由官办到官督商办再到商办。虽然尝试了各种体制，“亚洲第一雄厂”汉冶萍最终还是走向了倒闭，其失败的原因也一直是学术界所探究的热点。对于该问题的分析，学界通常的观点是资金的短缺，人才储备的不足，管理制度上的缺陷，以及动荡不安的社会环境，，而甚少从政治环境以及法律环境来进行剖析。在洋务运动兴起之际，宪政的概念也随之步入了晚清统治者的视野，在19世纪末期开始，晚清也掀起了一阵立宪潮。宪法是一国法律之本，宪政作为动态的宪法，能最好的反映出宪法的实施效果，几乎可以说，一国的宪政环境是该国最基础最本质的社会环境，它对于社会发展的影响是举足轻重的，同样，宪政环境对于一国工业的发展，乃至大企业的发展所起到的推进抑或阻滞作用也是相当值得考量的。本文正是旨在以汉冶萍公司的兴衰过程为案例，来寻找晚清企业转型失败的深层次原因，来讨论在这种立宪热潮下的宪政运动的真实性与有效性，进而探究晚清社会的宪政缺失。本文除去引言与结束语以外，另分为三个部分。第一部分是问题的缘起，对文章研究内容的背景做出了叙述与分析，主要对宪政兴起的过程原因做出了分析，以及对汉冶萍公司的发展历程做出了叙述，为后文的失败原因分析做下铺垫。第二部分则是通过对上文发展历程做出分析，得出汉冶萍公司衰败的直观原因，具体可分为外在原因与内在原因，即一些制度层面的原因与社会大环境造就的本质性的原因。同时，再通过对宪政概念的剖析，结合汉冶萍公司失败的深层次原因与晚清宪政情况，进而分析晚清宪政环境的缺失。第三部分是在明确了一国宪政环境与一国工业发展之间的关联后，通过对晚清宪政缺失的分析，提出应该改进的地方，以达到文章以古喻今的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Since the middle and late 19th century, with the outbreak of the Opium War, Western powers have invaded our country step by step. While plundering land, wealth and other resources, they have also imported western culture and ideas into our country. Gradually formed the situation of western learning to the east. With the opening of the portal, the late Qing government fell into the situation of internal and external troubles. For this, the late Qing government launched a Westernization campaign aimed at strengthening itself, and setting up a variety of large enterprises was part of the important content. Han Yeping Company, founded in the late 19th century, was the largest heavy industrial enterprise in the late Qing Dynasty. In spite of trying various systems, Han Yeping, the first Asian factory, finally closed down, and the reasons for its failure have always been a hot topic in academic circles. For the analysis of this problem, the common view of scholars is the shortage of funds, the shortage of talent reserve, the defects of management system, and the turbulent social environment, but rarely from the political environment and the legal environment. During the rise of Westernization Movement, the concept of constitutionalism also stepped into the vision of the rulers of the late Qing Dynasty. At the end of the 19th century, the late Qing Dynasty also raised a tide of constitutionalism. Constitution is the basis of a country's law. As a dynamic constitution, constitutionalism can best reflect the effect of the implementation of the constitution. It can almost be said that the constitutional environment of a country is the most basic and essential social environment of the country. It plays an important role in social development. Similarly, the constitutional environment plays a very important role in promoting or blocking the development of a country's industry and even the development of large enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to take the rise and fall process of Han Yeping Company as an example to find out the deep-seated reasons for the failure of enterprise transformation in the late Qing Dynasty, and to discuss the authenticity and validity of the constitutional movement in this kind of constitutionalism upsurge. And then to explore the constitutional absence of the late Qing society. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three parts. The first part is the origin of the problem. It narrates and analyzes the background of the research content, mainly analyzes the process of the rise of constitutionalism, and describes the development course of Han Yeping Company. For the failure of the following analysis of the reasons to do the groundwork. The second part is through the above development process to make an analysis, obtains the Han Yeping company decline the visual reason, the concrete may divide into the external reason and the internal reason, namely some system stratification reason and the society big environment creates the essential reason. At the same time, through the analysis of the concept of constitutionalism, combined with the deep reasons of the failure of Han Yeping Company and the constitutionalism of the late Qing Dynasty, the absence of constitutional environment in the late Qing Dynasty was analyzed. The third part is to clarify the relationship between a country's constitutional environment and a country's industrial development, through the analysis of the lack of constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty, put forward the place that should be improved, in order to achieve the realistic significance of the article.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929;D921

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