回族习惯对我国民族自治地方民事法律制度的影响

发布时间：2018-05-19 08:47

本文选题：回族 + 习惯　；参考：《天津商业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是一个统一的多民族国家，由于历史、地理、人文环境和生活习俗的不同，各民族、地区之间形成了自己特有的文化和行为习惯，而且有些习惯一直被保留和传承。回族是我国少数民族中人口较多的民族之一，同时也是分布最广的少数民族，全民信仰伊斯兰教，回族成员都必须严格地遵守和执行以《古兰经》和“圣训”为基本内容的传统伊斯兰教法，形成了一种独特的内控性生活秩序，这在某种意义上可称之为是一种“活法”。这种独特的回族习惯对我国民族自治地方的法律制度产生了深刻的影响，尤其是在民事领域。本文运用规范分析、案例分析、比较分析、实证分析的研究方法，从回族习惯对立法活动、司法活动、民事行为模式三方面的影响进行分析。首先，我国相关的法律、行政法规等国家立法对某些回族习惯予以承认和保障，另外，由于我国民族自治地方拥有一定的立法自治权，可以根据本地区少数民族的特点对法律进行变通或补充，于是，便可用自治立法的方式对某些回族习惯进行采纳和吸收。其次，在我国民族自治地方的民事司法活动中，如果案件涉及到回族习惯，但进行判决又没有明确的法律依据时，法官有时也会把回族习惯考虑进来并据此进行判案，从而运用司法判决的形式对回族习惯进行一种确认。此外，还有某些回族习惯既没有以立法的形式来表现，也没有相应的司法判例对其进行确认，但仍然实实在在地存在于回族穆斯林的现实生活中，并对我国民族自治地方的民事行为模式产生了影响。笔者认为，我国在立法活动中要充分尊重民族自治地方的立法自治权，，妥善处理国家一般法与民族自治地方特别法之间的关系；在司法审判活动中，要注重习惯等非正式法律渊源的运用，在不违背法律原则前提下做到原则性与灵活性的统一；要树立法律多元化的理念，重视国家法与民间法的良性互动，从而促进民族自治地方的法治建设，维护民族地区的和谐稳定与发展。
[Abstract]:China is a unified multi-ethnic country. Due to the differences of history, geography, humanistic environment and living customs, different nationalities and regions have formed their own unique culture and behavior habits, and some habits have been preserved and passed on. The Hui nationality is one of the most populous ethnic groups among the ethnic minorities in our country, and it is also the most widely distributed ethnic minority. The whole people believe in Islam. The members of the Hui nationality must strictly abide by and enforce the traditional Islamic law, which is based on the Koran and the commandment, and has formed a unique order of internal controlled sexual life, which in a sense can be called a "living law". This unique custom of the Hui nationality has exerted a profound influence on the legal system of our national autonomous areas, especially in the field of civil affairs. This paper uses the methods of normative analysis, case analysis, comparative analysis and empirical analysis to analyze the influence of Hui custom on legislative activities, judicial activities and civil behavior patterns. First of all, the relevant laws, administrative regulations and other national legislation of our country recognize and protect certain Hui customs. In addition, because our national autonomous areas have certain legislative autonomy, The law can be adapted or supplemented according to the characteristics of local minorities, so some Hui customs can be adopted and absorbed by means of autonomous legislation. Secondly, in the civil judicial activities in our national autonomous areas, if the case involves the customs of the Hui nationality, but there is no clear legal basis for the decision, the judge sometimes takes the custom of the Hui nationality into account and decides a case accordingly. Thus, the form of judicial decision is used to confirm the custom of Hui nationality. In addition, there are still some Hui customs that have not been expressed in the form of legislation or confirmed by corresponding judicial precedents, but still exist in the real life of Hui Muslims. And to our country national autonomous area civil behavior pattern produced the influence. In my opinion, in our legislative activities, we should fully respect the legislative autonomy of national autonomous areas, properly handle the relationship between the general law of the state and the special law of national autonomous areas. We should pay attention to the use of informal sources of law, such as custom, and achieve the unity of principle and flexibility on the premise of not violating the legal principles, establish the concept of legal pluralism, and attach importance to the positive interaction between state law and folk law. In order to promote the rule of law in ethnic autonomous areas, maintain the harmonious stability and development of ethnic areas.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D927

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