卡尔霍恩的州人民主权论以及美国宪制结构的历史变革

发布时间：2018-05-28 11:06

  本文选题：美国宪法 + 宪制结构　； 参考：《学术月刊》2016年09期

【摘要】：美国的宪制结构经历了一系列变迁,触及其根本的重大变革有两个,一是费城立宪,二是美国内战所带来的宪法革命。美国内战是一场具有革命性质的宪法之战,内战的胜利者赋予了联邦宪法以新的宪制结构,内战所带来的宪法革命以第十三、十四、十五宪法修正案为标志,重塑了美国的联邦制主权结构,并借此革新了美国的宪法精神。在内战前的宪法危机中,卡尔霍恩的州人民主权理论代表着南方各州所持守的美国宪制观。随着内战中南方失败,卡尔霍恩的州人民主权主导的复合主权为林肯式的联邦人民主权主导的复合主权所取代,原初的虚化的二元复合联邦制被改造为实体性的美国人民主导的二元复合联邦制。这是一场重大的宪法革命,但我们也不能单方面以成败论英雄,在赞美林肯一派新国父论的同时,不要遗忘甚至贬抑卡尔霍恩的理论贡献,尤其是其保守式的自由理念、反抗专制体制的宪政设计以及复合多数的民主政制观,更原本地保存着费城立宪的精神和美国宪法的原初面目。
[Abstract]:The constitutional structure of the United States has undergone a series of changes. There are two major changes that touch on its fundamental changes, one is the constitution of Philadelphia and the other is the constitutional revolution brought about by the American Civil War. The American Civil War was a revolutionary constitutional war. The victors of the Civil War endowed the federal constitution with a new constitutional structure. The constitutional revolution brought about by the Civil War was marked by the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Tenth Amendment to the Constitution. Reinventing the federal sovereignty structure of the United States, and thus revolutionizing the spirit of the United States Constitution. In the constitutional crisis before the internal war, Calhoun's theory of state people sovereignty represented the American constitutional view held by the southern states. With the defeat of the South in the Civil War, the composite sovereignty of Calhoun's state people was replaced by the Lincoln federal people's sovereignty. The original fictitious dualistic compound federalism was transformed into the substantive American people-led dualistic compound federalism. This is a major constitutional revolution, but we can't unilaterally talk about heroes in terms of success or failure. While praising Lincoln's theory of a new founding father, we should not forget or even belittle Calhoun's theoretical contributions, especially his conservative liberal ideas. The constitutional design of resisting the autocratic system and the view of the composite majority of democratic government have preserved the spirit of the Philadelphia Constitution and the original appearance of the American Constitution.
【作者单位】： 上海交通大学凯原法学院;
【分类号】：D971.2;DD911
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本文编号：1946469