违宪审查制度的比较与走向

发布时间：2018-09-05 21:04

【摘要】：依法治国的核心是依宪治国,宪法是根本法,是法律体系中最为基础和重要的法律。作为根本法,宪法的有效实施自然也就成为了衡量一个国家宪政水平的重要标志。而为了保证宪法的有效实施,就必须要有一套行之有效的、健全的宪法监督制度。而宪法监督制度之中,违宪审查制度是公认的最为重要的宪法监督制度。违宪审查,是指为保障宪法实施,对法律、法规和法律性文件,以及一切国家机关、组织和公民的行为进行审查,并对其是否违宪做出裁决的活动。违宪审查制度,对于保障公民基本权利、维护国家统一、促进政权有效运转都具有极其重要的意义。为此,本文以违宪审查制度的比较与走向为选题,通过深入分析违宪审查制度的价值以及域外对违宪审查制度的实践,从而提出构建我国违宪审查制度的合理方案。本文从以下五个部分展开:第一部分是绪论,该部分交代了研究的背景、意义以及研究方法,重点分析了国内外关于该问题的研究状况。第二部分是违宪审查制度的概述,分析了违宪审查制度的概念与特征,重点论述了构建违宪审查制度的宪法意义。第三部分是违宪审查制度的域外审查与借鉴,对违宪审查制度的域外规定进行了充分的研究,从而为我国合理借鉴指明了方向。第四部分是对我国引入违宪审查制度的必要性与可行性进行了分析。最后一部分是我国构建违宪审查制度的路径,包括促进违宪审查制度的立法化、违宪审查制度适用的具体情形与程序以及违宪审查制度的适用限制三个方面,最终得出本文的结论。
[Abstract]:The core of governing the country by law is to rule the country according to the constitution, and the constitution is the basic law and the most important law in the legal system. As a fundamental law, the effective implementation of the Constitution has naturally become an important symbol to measure the constitutional level of a country. In order to ensure the effective implementation of the Constitution, we must have a set of effective and sound constitutional supervision system. In the constitutional supervision system, the unconstitutional review system is recognized as the most important constitutional supervision system. The review of unconstitutionality refers to the activities of reviewing laws, regulations and legal documents, as well as all acts of state organs, organizations and citizens in order to guarantee the implementation of the Constitution, and to decide whether they are unconstitutional or not. The system of unconstitutional review is of great significance for safeguarding citizens' basic rights, safeguarding national unity and promoting the effective operation of political power. Therefore, this paper takes the comparison and trend of unconstitutional review system as the topic, through in-depth analysis of the value of unconstitutional review system and the extraterritorial practice of unconstitutional review system, so as to put forward a reasonable scheme to construct our country's unconstitutional review system. The first part is the introduction, which explains the background, significance and research methods of the research, and focuses on the analysis of the research situation at home and abroad. The second part is an overview of unconstitutional review system, analyzes the concept and characteristics of unconstitutional review system, and focuses on the constitutional significance of constructing unconstitutional review system. The third part is the extraterritorial review and reference of the unconstitutional review system, which makes a full study of the extraterritorial provisions of the unconstitutional review system, thus pointing out the direction for our country to use for reference reasonably. The fourth part analyzes the necessity and feasibility of introducing unconstitutional review system. The last part is the path of constructing unconstitutional review system in our country, including three aspects: promoting the lawmaking of unconstitutional review system, the concrete situation and procedure of the application of unconstitutional review system and the application limitation of unconstitutional review system. Finally, the conclusion of this paper is drawn.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D921

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