论我国进城务工人员子女义务教育权的保障

发布时间：2018-09-05 19:30

【摘要】：我国城市化进程的加快吸引了越来越多的人们从农村走入城市，形成了一个特殊而庞大的群体——进城务工人员群体。与之同步的是，越来越多的农村儿童随父母进城一起生活，其中很多适值学龄期，在义务教育方面与城市儿童有着同样的权利需求，但由于种种条件的限制，其义务教育权的实现与城市儿童又存在着巨大差别，并引发社会各层面的广泛关注。按照我国的法律规定，公民接受义务教育既是一项基本权利，也是一项基本义务。义务教育的普及对公民个人和国家的发展意义重大。义务教育具有基础，强制及免费的基本特点，义务教育权作为一项社会权利，强调国家的积极作为义务。政府应当积极作为，用一切适当方法尤其用立法的方法，尽最大能力分阶段采取步骤，逐步促进我国适龄儿童义务教育权的充分实现。综合上述背景，本文将从研究进城务工人员子女受义务教育的状况出发，以我国进城务工人员子女义务教育权的实现及其保障为主旨，对进城务工人员子女义务教育权实现的法律路径和制度路径进行深入探讨，以期为更好实现进城务工人员子女义务教育权提供一些有益的观点。以此为研究目的，本文阐述了进城务工人员子女在接受义务教育方面面临的困境，并提出其中最主要的是不能够顺利接受义务教育的问题，并将这一问题归结为以下几个主要方面:进城务工人员子女的入学率低、失学辍学现象严重，，公办学校在接收进城务工人员子女入学方面的积极性不高，民工子弟学校生存艰难，政府投入严重不足、和教育各阶段衔接不紧密等。我国目前存在的两元社会结构和户籍制度使不遵循城乡区分而自由流动的进城务工人员子女在城市缺乏所谓的合法身份，合法的权益得不到有效保障。本文从行政、法律、历史体制等方面对这些问题进行深层次的原因分析。在原因分析的基础上，本文论述了我国为解决这些问题、在现有的法律法规和政策实践上己经做出的努力和存在的不足，并就此从强化政府责任、保障进城务工人员子女义务教育权的实现等方面提出了初步的对策和建议。
[Abstract]:The acceleration of urbanization in China attracts more and more people to enter cities from rural areas, forming a special and huge group of migrant workers. At the same time, more and more rural children live with their parents in cities. Many of them have the same rights as urban children in compulsory education, but due to various conditions, The realization of compulsory education right is different from that of urban children, and it causes wide attention from all levels of society. According to the law of our country, compulsory education is not only a basic right, but also a basic obligation. The popularization of compulsory education is of great significance to the development of citizens and countries. Compulsory education has basic, compulsory and free basic characteristics. As a social right, the compulsory education right emphasizes the positive duty of the state. The government should actively take steps to promote the full realization of the right of compulsory education of school-age children in our country step by all appropriate methods, especially by means of legislation, and take steps as far as possible. On the basis of the above background, this paper will study the situation of compulsory education for migrant workers' children in cities, and take the realization and protection of compulsory education right of migrant workers' children in China as the main purpose. This paper probes into the legal and institutional path of the realization of the compulsory education right of migrant workers' children in cities in order to provide some useful viewpoints for the better realization of the compulsory education rights of migrant workers' children. For this purpose, this paper expounds the plight of migrant workers' children in accepting compulsory education, and points out that the most important problem is that they cannot receive compulsory education smoothly. This problem can be attributed to the following main aspects: the low enrolment rate of children of migrant workers, the serious phenomenon of dropping out of school, and the low enthusiasm of public schools in receiving children from migrant workers in cities. Migrant children's schools are difficult to survive, government investment is seriously inadequate, and education stages are not closely linked, and so on. The current two-element social structure and household registration system in China make the children of migrant workers who do not follow the distinction between urban and rural areas lack the so-called legal identity in the city and their legitimate rights and interests can not be effectively protected. This paper analyzes the causes of these problems from the aspects of administration, law, historical system and so on. Based on the analysis of the causes, this paper discusses the existing efforts and shortcomings in the practice of laws, regulations and policies in order to solve these problems in China, and from this point of view to strengthen the responsibility of the government. Some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to guarantee the realization of compulsory education right of migrant workers in cities.
【学位授予单位】：广东商学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D921

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