论婚姻自由及其公法限制

发布时间：2018-09-12 08:10

【摘要】：婚姻自由既是婚姻法上一项非常重要的原则,也是人们在婚姻领域的一项基本权利。就其本质来说,包括私属性和公属性两个方面。婚姻自由的私属性是其不可剥夺的本质属性,是保障公民自由和发展个人人格的极其重要的私法工具。据此,婚姻关系当事人能够基于自己的自由意志对其婚姻生活进行支配,从而实现私法自治,这是婚姻自由的根本价值所在。与此同时,婚姻自由牵涉到当事双方、家庭和社会的利益,具有一定的公属性,政府可以通过支配和利用这种公属性的方式促进社会公共利益的实现。基于婚姻自由的私属性和公属性,可以将其分为宪法上的婚姻自由与民法上的婚姻自由,宪法上的婚姻自由主要通过个人保障机制与制度保障机制实现,民法上的婚姻自由则包含非婚同居、结婚自由、离婚自由与婚内自由四项内容。现代社会里,公私法的日渐融合已经成为不可阻挡的趋势,大量的公法规范逐渐渗透到私法领域。在此背景之下,婚姻自由及其相关制度的构建必须通过公私法之间的协调来构筑。对人们的个人自由与社会公共利益进行通盘考虑,实现个人利益和社会公共利益之间的平衡,将成为立法者在构建婚姻自由及其相关制度过程中一项极其艰巨的任务。过分侧重于对个人婚姻自由的保护,会损害社会公共利益,不利于形成良好的规则和秩序,过分保护公共利益则会危及个人婚姻自由的行使。因此,在对婚姻自由进行公法限制时,必须坚持合宪原则、公序良俗原则以及区分原则,通过公法上的直接限制、私法内部的公法性规范限制以及司法上的限制等方式,寻求个人婚姻自由与国家秩序之间的“黄金分割点”,以实现促进个人婚姻自由与维护国家公共利益之间的平衡。
[Abstract]:Freedom of marriage is not only a very important principle in marriage law, but also a basic right in the field of marriage. As far as its essence is concerned, it includes two aspects: private attribute and public attribute. The private attribute of freedom of marriage is its inalienable essential attribute, and it is an extremely important private law tool to protect civil liberties and develop individual personality. Therefore, the parties to a marriage relationship can dominate their marriage life on the basis of their own free will, thus realizing the autonomy of private law, which is the fundamental value of the freedom of marriage. At the same time, the freedom of marriage involves the interests of both parties, the family and the society, and has certain public attributes. The government can promote the realization of social public interest by dominating and utilizing this kind of public property. Based on the private and public attributes of freedom of marriage, it can be divided into constitutional freedom of marriage and civil freedom of marriage. The freedom of marriage in civil law includes four parts: non-marital cohabitation, freedom of marriage, freedom of divorce and freedom of marriage. In modern society, the gradual amalgamation of public and private law has become an irresistible trend, and a large number of public law norms have gradually penetrated into the field of private law. In this context, the freedom of marriage and its related institutions must be constructed through the coordination of public and private law. It will be an extremely arduous task for legislators to consider the individual freedom and the public interest of society and realize the balance between the personal interests and the public interests of the society in the process of constructing the freedom of marriage and its related system. Too much emphasis on the protection of individual freedom of marriage will harm the public interest, which is not conducive to the formation of good rules and order, too much protection of the public interest will endanger the exercise of individual freedom of marriage. Therefore, when restricting the freedom of marriage in public law, we must adhere to the principle of constitutionality, the principle of public order and good custom and the principle of distinction, through the direct restriction of public law, the limitation of public law norms within private law, and the limitation of judicature, etc. In order to achieve the balance between the promotion of individual freedom of marriage and the maintenance of the national public interest, the "golden division" between the freedom of individual marriage and the national order is sought.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.9

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