“反多数难题”在中国:法院有权审查地方性法规吗

发布时间：2018-11-03 15:00

【摘要】：我国法院由人大产生,对它负责,受它监督。法院有无权力审查地方人大及其常委会制定的地方性法规是中国版本的"反多数难题"。法院的司法审查常常激起地方人大的强烈反对,最高人民法院通过个案批复和一般性指导的方式支持地方法院。法院的审查方式是"不予适用"抵触上位法的地方性法规,但不撤销也不改变地方性法规,只具有个案效力。这一审查不违反法院对人大负责、受其监督的宪法定位,也不冒犯地方性法规作为审判"依据"的地位,亦没有侵犯全国人大常委会的审查权。新近修改后的我国《立法法》"下放"地方立法权导致地方性法规抵触上位法的风险陡增,司法权作为"中央事权"为法院的审查提供了新理由。
[Abstract]:Our country court is produced by the people's Congress, be responsible to it, be supervised by it. Whether the courts have the power to review local laws and regulations made by the local people's congresses and their standing committees is China's anti-majority problem. The court's judicial review often arouses strong opposition from the local people's Congress, and the Supreme people's Court supports the district court by way of case approval and general guidance. The examination method of the court is "not applicable" to the local laws and regulations that conflict with the upper law, but it does not revoke or change the local laws and regulations, and only has the effect of individual cases. This review does not violate the constitutional position that the court is accountable to the people's Congress and is subject to its supervision, nor does it offend the status of local laws and regulations as the "basis" for trial, nor does it infringe on the power of examination of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress. The newly revised "decentralization" of local legislative power in China has led to a sharp increase in the risk of local laws and regulations being in conflict with the upper law. Judicial power, as a "central power", provides a new reason for the examination of the court.
【作者单位】：山东大学法学院;
【基金】：山东大学青年团体队项目“中国社会主义法律体系的现状问题和完善”(项目编号:I FYT12084)的研究成果
【分类号】：D921

【相似文献】