论我国宪法解释主体模式的选择

发布时间：2018-11-07 18:05

【摘要】：宪法解释是保障宪法实施的重要手段,宪法解释主体的选择则是进行宪法解释的前提条件。在宪法实际上发挥作用比较好的国家,一般都建立了专门的宪法解释机关。例如英国是由议会解释宪法,美国是由普通法院负责解释宪法,法国设立了宪法委员会监督宪法实施,德国则设立了宪法法院承担宪法解释的职责。我国宪法明确规定由全国人大常委会解释宪法、监督宪法的实施。但由于种种原因,全国人大常委会至今从未针对具体案件进行宪法解释,致使宪法解释权长期处于虚置状态。这不得不让人深思：如何使宪法解释权在我国宪政实践中真正发挥作用,而不仅仅只存在于宪法条文的规定。在考虑我国具体国情并借鉴其他国家经验的基础上,我们认为应在全国人大之下设立专门的宪法法院来行使违宪审查和宪法解释的职权,以保障宪法实施和维护公民基本权利。本论文共分为四个部分。第一部分主要论述宪法解释主体的理论基础,包括对宪法解释和宪法解释主体概念的界定以及目前宪法解释主体的理论分歧。第二部分主要介绍了世界目前三种宪法解释主体模式—英国的立法机关解释模式、美国的普通法院解释模式和法德的专门机关解释模式,通过对这三种解释模式的比较分析可以看出都各有利弊,我国不可盲目照抄照搬。第三部分主要是对我国宪法解释主体的现状分析,并指出我国宪法解释存在的主要问题。第二部分和第三部分是本论文的重点。第四部分是从理论和实践的角度分析我国应建立专门的宪法法院进行宪法解释,在借鉴德国模式的基础上对我国宪法法院的具体设置(包括宪法法院的法律地位、作用、管辖权和运行程序)做了理论探讨。
[Abstract]:Constitutional interpretation is an important means to guarantee the implementation of constitution, and the choice of the subject of constitutional interpretation is the precondition of constitutional interpretation. In countries where constitutions actually play a better role, special constitutional interpretation organs are generally established. For example, in Britain, it is the parliament that interprets the constitution, in the United States, the ordinary courts are responsible for the interpretation of the constitution. The Constitution clearly stipulates that the standing Committee of the National people's Congress shall interpret the Constitution and supervise its implementation. However, due to various reasons, the standing Committee of the National people's Congress has never carried out the constitutional interpretation of specific cases, resulting in the power of interpretation of the Constitution has been in a state of nothingness for a long time. This has to make people ponder: how to make the power of interpretation of constitution play a real role in the practice of constitutionalism in our country, and not only exist in the provisions of the constitution. On the basis of considering the specific conditions of our country and drawing lessons from the experiences of other countries, we believe that a special constitutional court should be set up under the NPC to exercise the functions of reviewing and interpreting the Constitution in order to guarantee the implementation of the Constitution and safeguard the basic rights of citizens. This thesis is divided into four parts. The first part mainly discusses the theoretical basis of the main body of constitutional interpretation, including the definition of the subject of constitutional interpretation and the definition of the subject of constitutional interpretation, as well as the theoretical differences of the subject of constitutional interpretation at present. The second part mainly introduces three models of the main body of constitutional interpretation in the world, namely, the British legislative interpretation model, the American common court interpretation model and the French and German specialized agency interpretation model. Through the comparative analysis of these three modes of interpretation, we can see that there are advantages and disadvantages in our country not to copy blindly. The third part mainly analyzes the present situation of the main body of constitutional interpretation in our country, and points out the main problems existing in the interpretation of constitution in our country. The second part and the third part are the emphases of this thesis. The fourth part is from the theory and the practice angle analysis our country should establish the special constitution court to carry on the constitution explanation, in the reference Germany model foundation to our country constitution court concrete establishment (including the constitution court legal status, the function. Jurisdiction and operation procedure) are discussed in theory.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D921

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