从赫斯特案看英国人权保障机制的演进

发布时间：2018-12-15 21:05

【摘要】：赫斯特诉英国案引发了由英国媒体和政界推波助澜、公众与学界共同参与的一场关于废除《人权法》并取而代之制定新的《权利法案》的大辩论。1998年《人权法》将《欧洲人权公约》内化为英国国内法,开启了英国人权司法保护的新纪元。在议会至上原则基础上发展了英国的人权司法保护机制,使得《欧洲人权公约》中的权利在英国国内法院具有可诉性,然而近年来欧洲人权法院陆续做出对英国不利的判决,尤其是涉及囚犯选举权的赫斯特诉英国案,《人权法》成为众矢之的。英国人权保护机制自1215年《大宪章》以来,坚守着自由法治和议会至上的传统,通过不成文宪法和司法谦抑维持着个人权利与公共利益之间的平衡。1998年《人权法》精致地设计出司法机关的解释权和宣告权,在尊重议会立法权的基础上,创立了"柔性司法审查机制"温和地保护着人权,是司法进步,废除《人权法》取而代之更加体现英国本土价值的《权利法案》,可能会与欧洲人权保护机制渐行渐远,并影响英国人权保护的国际声誉,并非明智之举。
[Abstract]:Hurst v. Britain has been fuelled by British media and political circles. A public and academic debate over repealing the Bill of Rights and replacing it with a new Bill of Rights. The 1998 Bill of Rights domesticated the European Convention on Human Rights into British domestic law. It marks a new era in the judicial protection of human rights in Britain. The judicial protection mechanism of human rights in Britain has been developed on the basis of the principle of the supremacy of Parliament, which makes the rights in the European Convention of Human Rights justiciable in the domestic courts of England. However, in recent years, the European Court of Human Rights has made successive judgments against Britain. In particular, the Bill of Rights Act became the target of Hurst v. England, which deals with prisoners' right to vote. Since the Magna Carta of 1215, the British human rights protection mechanism has adhered to the tradition of the rule of law and the supremacy of Parliament. The balance between individual rights and the public interest is maintained through unwritten constitutional and judicial modesty. The 1998 Human Rights Act has carefully designed the power of interpretation and declaration of the judiciary, based on respect for the legislative power of the Parliament. The creation of the "flexible judicial review mechanism", which mildly protects human rights, is judicial progress. Repealing the Bill of Rights, which is more representative of the values of the United Kingdom, may be further removed from the European mechanism for the protection of human rights. It is not wise to influence the international reputation of Britain's human rights protection.
【作者单位】：南开大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目(11&ZD072) 教育部人权教育与培训基地重大项目(12JJD820021)
【分类号】：D956.1;DD911

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