当代中国权利冲突的宪法规制

发布时间：2019-07-03 18:00

【摘要】：权利冲突是近年来法学理论上的热点,更是法律实践中的难点,因为权利冲突现象既给人们带来了诸多的痛苦和不便,也对我国传统的权利理论提出了挑战。因此,权利冲突是一个应当重视的问题,法学界人士或从纯理论角度或从实务角度或从法治建设角度对权利冲突发表了各自的观点。权利是现代的产物,它的一系列理论产生于16世纪以来的西方自由民权思潮,因而它从一开始就带着现代性的色彩,一方面彰显了个体在国家和社会中的独立地位,另一方面又因为个体之间权利边界的倾轧而产生了各种形式的权利冲突。当代中国社会具有明显的现代性特征,权利冲突表现为多个方面：道德多元化导致的权利多元化,个人主义发展导致的权利的权力化,禀赋差异导致平等权受到冲击,国家、社会与个人之间的权利冲突,以及社会变迁中出现的权利冲突新问题。从权利冲突的发生场域来划分,权利冲突可以分为市民社会中的权利冲突、国家中的消极权利冲突以及国家中的积极权利冲突,权利冲突的场域对权利冲突的解决方式有着不同的影响。而宪法规制是化解当代社会权利冲突的重要路径,我国宪法在序言和正文中对于规制权利以及冲突已经有了较为丰富的规定,而目前所要做的,就是构建完善的权利冲突宪法规制秩序,具体而言可以有,一是促进权利体系的转型,在社会权利关系中更适当地运用公平正义原则；二是宪法价值体系上的转型,注重提升宪法的道德功能,推动宪法价值体系的完善；三是宪法权威的树立,通过生成一种公民宗教的方式来塑造宪法的神圣性,推动宪法的进一步贯彻实施。
[Abstract]:The conflict of rights is not only a hot spot in legal theory in recent years, but also a difficult point in legal practice, because the phenomenon of right conflict not only brings a lot of pain and inconvenience to people, but also challenges the traditional theory of rights in our country. Therefore, the conflict of rights is a problem that should be paid attention to. People in the field of law have expressed their own views on the conflict of rights from the perspective of pure theory or from the perspective of practice or from the perspective of the construction of the rule of law. Right is the product of modern times, a series of its theories originated from the western liberal civil rights trend of thought since the 16th century, so it has been modern from the beginning, on the one hand, it shows the independent position of the individual in the state and society, on the other hand, it has produced various forms of right conflict because of the rolling of the boundary of rights between individuals. Contemporary Chinese society has obvious characteristics of modernization, and the conflict of rights is manifested in many aspects: the diversification of rights caused by moral pluralism, the power of rights caused by the development of individualism, the impact of the right of equality caused by the difference of endowment, the conflict of rights between the state, society and individuals, and the new problems of right conflict in social changes. According to the field of the conflict of rights, the conflict of rights can be divided into the conflict of rights in civil society, the conflict of negative rights in the country and the conflict of positive rights in the country. The field of conflict of rights has different effects on the resolution of the conflict of rights. Constitutional regulation is an important way to resolve the conflict of rights in contemporary society. The Constitution of our country has rich provisions on regulating rights and conflicts in the preface and text. At present, what should be done is to construct a perfect constitutional regulation order of conflict of rights. In particular, it can be as follows: first, to promote the transformation of the right system and to make more appropriate use of the principle of fairness and justice in the relationship of social rights; The second is the transformation of the constitutional value system, paying attention to improving the moral function of the constitution and promoting the perfection of the constitutional value system; third, the establishment of constitutional authority, through the formation of a civic religion to shape the sanctity of the constitution and promote the further implementation of the constitution.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D921

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