刑事被害人过错类型研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 11:34

本文选题：刑事被害人过错　切入点：类型研究　出处：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在以“犯罪人为中心”的传统刑法理论中,有关被害人过错的理论研究一直未能引起足够重视。由于理论研究的不足以及相关法律规定的缺失,被害人过错在司法实践中的适用也暴露出越来越多的问题。本文以300例故意杀人案件为样本分析被害人过错的认定现状,反映出司法实践中对被害人过错的认定多出于感性判断且在其影响刑事责任上缺少理性辨析,由此大大降低了被害人过错在犯罪构成体系与量刑体系中所应占据的地位。为缓解此困境,有必要进一步探索被害人过错影响刑事责任之有无及大小的评价体系,从而为完善被害人过错的法定化提供理论支持。在实践中,被害人过错表现形式的多样性以及影响刑事责任的复杂性,决定了构建一个具有实践意义的评价体系绝非易事。对于被害人过错而言,仅仅是明确其的概念、构成要件,并不能满足立法实践与司法实践的需求。据此,本文提出若要将被害人过错置于犯罪构成体系和量刑体系中进行全面考察,就有必要借助类型划分的研究形式对被害人过错进行类型研究。将被害人过错进行类型划分只是一种研究方法,能赋予其意义至关重要的是如何对被害人过错进行类型划分,因为它不仅关系此种类型研究是否具有现实可操作性,也关系到其是否能在总体上包罗所有具有刑法评价意义的被害人过错。基于此,在类型划分时不能仅从被害人过错单方面角度出发,而是应结合刑事责任内在结构本身且遵循现有刑法规范去把握被害人过错对刑事责任的影响作用。为避免重复评价同时亦能实现被害人过错作为定罪情节与作为量刑情节之间的有效衔接,本文选择在三阶层体系下,依据被害人过错对刑事责任内在构成要素的影响,将其划分为影响构成要件符合性型；阻却违法性型；阻却责任型；减轻责任型；减轻特殊预防型。前三种类型的被害人过错是对刑事责任之有无的影响；后两种类型的被害人过错是对刑事责任之大小的影响。因减轻责任型更多地是影响加害行为本身的罪刑大小(有责性),而减轻特殊预防型影响的是加害人的再犯可能性大小(特殊预防性),基于它们在刑事责任中所处地位的不同,若以“重大”与“一般“来对后两种类型进行程度上的区分,则前者为重大过错,后者为一般过错。三阶层体系中违法与有责的评价本身就不仅是一种罪质的定性,也是一种罪量的定性,因此这种划分能更加连贯且有层次地体现过错行为对责任有无之分,责任轻重之别的影响。
[Abstract]:In the traditional criminal law theory centered on "the offender", the theoretical research on the fault of the victim has not been paid enough attention to. The application of victim fault in judicial practice also exposed more and more problems. This paper takes 300 cases of intentional homicide as a sample to analyze the status quo of victim fault. It reflects that the identification of the victim's fault in judicial practice is mostly based on perceptual judgment and lack of rational discrimination in its influence on criminal liability. In order to alleviate this dilemma, it is necessary to further explore the evaluation system of whether or not the victim fault affects the criminal liability. Thus provides the theoretical support for perfecting the legalization of the victim's fault. In practice, the diversity of victims' fault forms and the complexity of their influence on criminal responsibility determine that it is not easy to build a practical evaluation system. The constitutive elements can not meet the needs of legislative practice and judicial practice. Accordingly, this paper puts forward that if the victim's fault should be placed in the criminal constitution system and the sentencing system, It is necessary to study the type of fault of the victim with the help of the research form of type division. The classification of the fault of the victim is only a kind of research method, and it is very important to divide the fault of the victim into the type of the fault of the victim. Because it is not only related to whether this type of research has practical maneuverability, but also whether it can cover all the victims' faults of criminal law evaluation in general. In the division of types, we should not only start from the unilateral angle of the fault of the victim, but also combine the inherent structure of the criminal responsibility and follow the existing criminal law norms to grasp the influence of the fault of the victim on the criminal responsibility. In order to avoid repeated evaluation and realize the effective connection between the conviction circumstances and the sentencing circumstances, this paper chooses the influence of the victim fault on the internal elements of criminal responsibility under the three-class system. It can be divided into three types: conformance of influence elements; obstruction of illegality; obstruction of responsibility; lightening responsibility; alleviating special prevention. The first three types of victim fault are the influence on criminal liability. The latter two types of victim fault are the influence on the size of criminal liability. Because the type of lightening responsibility is more likely to affect the crime and punishment of the injurious act itself (with responsibility), and to reduce the influence of special preventive type is the recidivism of the offender. Probability (special preventive), based on their different status in criminal responsibility, If the degree of the latter two types is distinguished by "significant" and "general", the former is a major fault and the latter is a general fault. The evaluation of illegality and responsibility in the three-class system itself is not only a qualitative characterization of crime. It is also a kind of qualitative of crime quantity, so this kind of division can reflect the influence of fault behavior on the responsibility and the degree of responsibility more coherently and hierarchically.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D914

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