论前科的刑法价值

发布时间：2018-03-17 06:30

本文选题：前科　切入点：刑法价值　出处：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：社会重犯态势的严峻催生了前科制度，伴随着它的演进，当有前科者再次犯罪时，前科的存在所带来的刑事法效应也在不断的扩大，前科的刑法价值发展呈现多元化趋势。这一现象引起了学者的关注，并进而引发了围绕前科制度的不小的争论。本文就以前科的刑法价值为切入点，从理论与实践两个层面来分析探讨前科刑法价值的应然取向，以期为有关前科的司法实践工作提供一定参考依据。本文第一章首先对前科的内涵进行了界定，明确前科是指行为人曾被法院宣告有罪且刑事责任已告终结的事实。接着通过对国内外前科制度的刑事立法走向的考察，总结出前科制度发展的两大趋向：前科立法的精细化与刑法价值的多元化，在此基础之上，提出本文将予以着重探讨的四大问题：前科制度的正当性、前科的定罪价值、前科的量刑价值以及前科的其他刑事法价值。本文第二章对上述四大问题进行了逐一探讨，对于前科制度的正当性，笔者认为不仅能在社会现状与刑法效益上找到合理性依据，其与正义和功利兼顾的刑罚价值观无疑也是相符的。同时，特定的有前科者所表现出的较大的主观恶性与人身危险性只能为前科的量刑效应与部分的行刑效应提供正当性依据，且表现形式应受到一定限制。前科制度不应当具备定罪价值，前科量刑价值的存在并不违背“一事不再罚”原则。本文第三章对现行的有关前科的司法解释与立法规定进行了反思与检讨，并提出了一定的修改意见。无论是体现前科定罪效应还是量刑效应的司法解释，，都存在着与前科刑法价值相背离的问题。对于我国的累犯制度，笔者建议将毒品犯罪纳入特别累犯之中，并对特别累犯的成立条件作出一定限制，同时，应当允许累犯在符合一定条件时适用假释。而对于刑法中的前科报告制度，笔者认为一方面应当限定前科报告义务的范围，另一方面也应明确违反义务所应负的法律后果。
[Abstract]:The severe situation of social recidivism gave birth to the criminal record system. With its evolution, the criminal law effect brought about by the existence of the criminal record is constantly expanding when there are those who have committed a criminal record again. The development of criminal law value of criminal record shows a trend of diversification. This phenomenon has aroused the attention of scholars and caused a great deal of controversy around the system of criminal record. This paper takes the value of criminal law of criminal record as the starting point. This paper analyzes the value of criminal law of criminal record from two aspects of theory and practice in order to provide some reference for judicial practice of criminal record. In the first chapter, the connotation of criminal record is defined, which refers to the fact that the perpetrator has been convicted by the court and criminal responsibility has been ended. Then, through the investigation of the criminal legislation trend of domestic and foreign criminal record system, On the basis of summing up the two trends of the development of criminal record system: the refinement of criminal legislation and the diversification of the value of criminal law, this paper puts forward four major problems that this paper will focus on: the legitimacy of the system of previous convictions, the value of conviction of previous convictions, The sentencing value of criminal record and other criminal law value of criminal record. In the second chapter, the four problems mentioned above are discussed one by one. As for the legitimacy of criminal record system, the author thinks that it can not only find the reasonable basis in the current social situation and the benefit of criminal law. At the same time, the subjective malignancy and personal danger shown by the specific ex-convict can only provide the justification for the sentencing effect of the criminal record and part of the execution effect. The system of criminal record should not have the value of conviction, and the existence of the value of sentencing does not violate the principle of "no more punishment". In the third chapter, the author rethinks and reviews the current judicial interpretation and legislative provisions of criminal record, and puts forward some revised opinions, whether it is the judicial explanation that reflects the effect of conviction or sentencing of criminal record. For the recidivism system of our country, the author suggests that the drug crime should be included in the special recidivism, and the establishment condition of the special recidivism should be restricted, at the same time, Recidivism should be allowed to apply parole when it meets certain conditions. On the one hand, the author thinks that the scope of criminal record reporting obligation should be limited, on the other hand, the legal consequences of breach of obligation should be clearly defined.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

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