侵犯公民个人信息犯罪研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 05:34

本文选题：公民个人信息　切入点：刑法保护　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国社会的发展、信息化时代的到来，公民个人信息泄露问题尤为凸显，保护好公民的个人信息利益是新时代法治的需要。虽然我国《刑法修正案（七）》增加了对公民个人信息保护的条款，但面对纷繁复杂的社会生活现状，该类犯罪在司法实践中仍有许多需要探究、厘清之处，且尚有诸多方面需要完善、补足，以适应社会发展的法制需求。本文共分四章,主要从刑事法律角度展开研究、探讨，并经过分析、论证笔者提出自己的观点。第一章通过分析我国公民个人信息被侵犯的现状，得出现阶段对我国日益猖獗的侵犯公民个人信息行为进行刑事司法打击的必要性。明确了侵犯公民个人信息犯罪的概念及特点。将我国侵犯公民个人信息犯罪罪名界定为出售、非法提供公民个人信息罪和非法获取公民个人信息罪。同时通过对外国与相关地区立法规定的研究、比较，分析出其各自的特点及先进之处，进而得出对我国相关立法的启示。第二章我国的宪法、民事法律、行政法律、刑事法律等都对侵犯公民个人信息行为有所规制，本章通过分析我国不同领域法律就保护公民个人信息的相关规定，指出我国公民个人信息法律保护体系的缺陷，即缺少专门性法律规定，各部门法在各方面的规定零星且不成体系；刑法方面缺少可援引的“前置法”且在刑法谦抑性原则下不仅对侵犯公民个人信息的不法行为打击滞后，其打击范围、力度亦有限。第三章从犯罪构成角度对侵犯公民个人信息犯罪的认定进行探讨、明晰。犯罪客体方面，通过对学界不同观点的分析，笔者提出自己对侵犯公民个人信息犯罪犯罪客体的界定；犯罪客观方面，对何为公民个人信息、公民个人信息范围予以明确，且对“情节严重”这一构罪要件，通过博采众长，提出笔者认为切实、可行的定义观点。犯罪主体方面，笔者对出售、非法提供公民个人信息犯罪及非法获取公民个人信息犯罪的自然人犯罪主体及单位犯罪主体逐一进行了分析，，并指出了其在该方面存在的不足。第四章针对我国的社会现状，提出对侵犯公民个人信息犯罪的立法完善之策。首先，公民个人信息法律保护体系方面，应加强“前置法”的立法完善，使法律对侵犯公民个人信息行为的规制具有阶梯性。同时，应加强刑法方面的完善，使身份犯与非身份犯的刑罚相区别、让该类犯罪的刑罚呈现出层次性、提高该类犯罪的最高刑、扩大出售、非法提供公民个人信息犯罪的主体范围；其次，完善侵犯公民个人信息犯罪刑事追究程序，将侵犯公民个人信息犯罪附条件、有节制的作为自诉案件追诉、适用举证责任倒置原则或推定规则，并对此笔者进行了充分的论证。
[Abstract]:With the development of our society and the arrival of information age, the problem of personal information leakage is particularly prominent. The protection of citizens' personal information interests is the need of the rule of law in the new era. Although China's Criminal Law Amendment (7) adds provisions for the protection of citizens' personal information, it faces the complicated social life situation. In the judicial practice, this kind of crime still needs to be explored and clarified, and there are still many aspects to be perfected to meet the needs of the legal system of social development. This article is divided into four chapters, mainly from the point of view of criminal law, to explore, and through analysis, the author put forward his own point of view. The first chapter analyzes the status quo of the violation of the personal information of citizens in China. The necessity of criminal judicial attack on the increasingly rampant violation of personal information of citizens in our country is obtained. The concept and characteristics of the crime of infringing personal information of citizens are clarified, and the crime of infringing on personal information of citizens in our country is defined as selling. The crime of illegally providing citizens' personal information and the crime of illegally obtaining citizen's personal information. At the same time, through the study of foreign countries and related regions' legislative provisions, the author analyzes their respective characteristics and advanced points, and then draws the enlightenment to the relevant legislation of our country. The second chapter of our country's constitution, civil law, administrative law, criminal law and so on all to violate the citizen personal information behavior to have the regulation, this chapter through the analysis our country different domain law to protect the citizen personal information related stipulation, This paper points out the defects of the legal protection system of citizen's personal information in China, that is, the lack of special legal provisions, and the scattered and irregular provisions of various branch laws in all aspects; Under the principle of modesty of criminal law, the criminal law not only lags behind, but also has a limited scope of attack on illegal acts that violate the personal information of citizens. The third chapter discusses the identification of the crime of infringing citizens' personal information from the angle of the constitution of crime, clarifies the object of the crime, and analyzes the different viewpoints of the academic circles. The author puts forward his own definition of the object of crime of infringing citizen's personal information, the objective aspect of crime, the definition of what is citizen's personal information, the scope of citizen's personal information, and the elements of constructing the crime of "serious circumstances". The author put forward a practical and feasible definition of the point of view. The subject of the crime, the author of the sale, The main body of natural person crime and the subject of unit crime which illegally provide citizen's personal information and illegally obtain citizen's personal information are analyzed one by one, and their shortcomings are pointed out. In the fourth chapter, according to the current social situation of our country, the author puts forward some measures to perfect the legislation of the crime of infringing on the citizen's personal information. First, in the aspect of the legal protection system of citizen's personal information, we should strengthen the legislative perfection of the "former Law". At the same time, we should strengthen the perfection of criminal law, distinguish the punishment of status crime from that of non-status crime, and make the punishment of this kind of crime take on different levels. To increase the maximum penalty for this kind of crime, to expand the scope of the subject of the crime of illegally providing citizens' personal information; secondly, to improve the criminal investigation procedures for crimes against citizens' personal information, and to attach conditions to the crime of infringing on citizens' personal information, The principle of inversion of burden of proof or the rule of presumption are applied to pursue cases of private prosecution with restraint, and the author fully demonstrates this.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D924

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