作用极小的贡献于意大利单一制下之展开——兼述中意刑法在参与者处罚原则上的差异

发布时间：2018-03-28 12:22

本文选题：共同犯罪　切入点：单一制　出处：《北方法学》2017年06期

【摘要】：《意大利刑法典》第114条第1款的减轻情节作为单一制下同等责任、同等处罚原则的例外,要求参与行为在犯罪中所起作用极小。意大利判例和学说均认为该情节只具有客观属性。其与条件说之间的矛盾促使各方在共同犯罪领域由自然的因果关系论转向规范的归责论,于非必要的贡献项下,该减轻情节在理论上获得了一定的适用空间。但从规范到解释的双重绝对化及具体评价中的反向观察视角,都限缩了其成立范围,同等处罚、整体偏重才是意大利共同犯罪中刑罚裁量的基调与现状。于量刑阶段分别考察每个参与行为的现实作用是其近期的改革动向。我国共同犯罪制度以罪刑相适应为目标导向,主犯构成了共同犯罪的基准态,因此,从犯的认定成为量刑之关键。我国《刑法》中的从犯较之于《意大利刑法典》中作用极小的贡献,成立条件更为宽松,适用上也更为常态化。为了使从犯能够充分发挥均衡罪刑的机能,在解释中不宜过分限缩其成立范围。
[Abstract]:The mitigating circumstances of article 114, paragraph 1, of the Italian Penal Code, as an exception to the principle of equal liability and equal punishment under a single system, The Italian jurisprudence and doctrine hold that the circumstance has only objective attribute. The contradiction between it and the condition theory causes the parties to change from the natural causality theory in the field of joint crime. Towards normative imputation, Under the item of non-essential contribution, the extenuating plot has a certain space of application in theory. However, the dual absolutization from norm to interpretation and the perspective of reverse observation in concrete evaluation limit the scope of its establishment and the same punishment. The emphasis on the whole is the keynote and present situation of penalty discretion in the joint crime of Italy. It is the recent reform trend to examine the realistic function of each participating act in the sentencing stage. The aim of our joint crime system is to adapt the crime to the punishment. The principal offender constitutes the standard state of joint crime. Therefore, the determination of accomplice becomes the key to sentencing. Compared with the very small contribution in the Italian Criminal Code, the establishment conditions of accomplice in Criminal Law of our country are more relaxed. In order to make accomplice give full play to the function of balanced crime and punishment, it is not necessary to limit the scope of its establishment in the interpretation.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学刑事司法学院;
【基金】：教育部国家留学基金资助(留金发[2013]3009号)
【分类号】：D954.6;DD914

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