集资诈骗罪的认定与立法建议

发布时间：2018-04-10 07:40

本文选题：非法占有目的　切入点：集资纠纷　出处：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：对集资诈骗罪而言,其构成要件中的非法集资行为具有行政犯的性质,由于其行为中附加了使用诈骗方法来非法占有对方财物的目的,具有了诈骗性质,本质上是自然犯。因此,集资诈骗行为在世界各国法律上均作入罪处理,具体是仅单设罪名,还是包容进普通诈骗罪或其他罪名,各国有所不同。我国刑法同时规定了诈骗罪和合同诈骗罪,对集资诈骗罪的成立应从严解释,即使不构成集资诈骗罪,也有诈骗罪和合同诈骗罪予以规制。本文主要研究内容为集资诈骗罪的认定并提出立法建议,其构成要件中“非法占有目的”指的是犯罪行为人在直接故意的心理支配下希望非法占有他人财产的所有权;“使用诈骗方法”应做广义理解,即任何行为人基于自身自愿的故意做出有违本来面目的“说法”、“承诺”、“行为”等而使对方陷入错误认识并交付财产的皆可认定;“数额较大”的计算除却司法解释中所明确的个人集资10万以上,单位集资50万以上外,笔者赞同以被害人直接损失计算,扣除行为人已归还部分;集资诈骗罪与借贷纠纷、广义集资纠纷及非法吸收公众存款罪、诈骗罪、欺诈发行股票、债券罪等相类似的集资或诈骗行为的根本区分点或在于其具有的“非法占有目的”,或在于集资行为的“数额较大”及使用“诈骗方法”。集资诈骗共同犯罪中主从犯的认定依各共同犯罪行为人于共同犯罪中所处地位及所起作用区分。集资诈骗罪的法条竞合及想象竞合的共同点皆为行为人只实施了一个行为,因法条的错综规定而同时触犯多个条文的则为法条竞合、因任一罪名均无法完整的评价该行为的则为想象竞合,实务中集资诈骗罪的法条竞合与想象竞合应结合具体案例,综合多种情况来分析认定,使犯罪行为与最终所获刑罚相适应。集资诈骗罪于刑法的第192条被规定为“以非法占有为目的,使用诈骗方法非法集资,数额较大的”,笔者认为,本罪为集资诈骗罪而非诈骗集资罪,该条文的着重点为使用诈骗方法来集资(即重点在于集资),这便与欺诈发行股票、债券罪相混淆,而集资诈骗罪在刑法分论中归属于破坏社会主义市场经济秩序项下的金融诈骗类型犯罪,即立法者意图保护受其“诈骗”方法破坏的本应遵循“诚信”的市场秩序,因此本罪着重点应为使用非法集资方法而进行的“诈骗”,故笔者建议该条文可修改为“以非法占有为目的,使用非法集资方法进行诈骗”方能够使该罪的罪名罪状相吻合。为避免“数额较大”成为集资诈骗罪入罪的唯一条件,笔者建议加入“情节严重”作为选择性条件。再者其单位犯罪主体的刑罚建议增加资格刑或注销刑,与刑法修正案九所增加的“从业禁止”制度相契合,以便起到更好的特殊性预防作用。
[Abstract]:For the crime of fund-raising fraud, the illegal fund-raising act in its constituent elements has the nature of administrative offense, because of the purpose of using fraud method to illegally occupy the other party's property, it has the nature of fraud and is essentially a natural crime.Therefore, the financing of fraud in the world's laws are criminalized, in particular, only a single crime, or the inclusion of ordinary fraud or other crimes, different countries.Both the crime of fraud and the crime of contract fraud are stipulated in the criminal law of our country. The establishment of the crime of fraud of raising funds should be strictly explained, even if it does not constitute the crime of fraud of raising funds, there are also the crime of fraud and the crime of contract fraud to be regulated.The main content of this paper is to identify the crime of fund-raising fraud and put forward legislative suggestions. In its constituent elements, "the purpose of illegal possession" refers to the ownership of the property of another person which the perpetrator wishes to possess illegally under the direct and intentional psychological domination."using fraud method" should be understood in a broad sense, that is, any person who, based on his own voluntary and intentional "statement", "promise" and "behavior", makes the other party fall into a wrong understanding and deliver the property can be recognized;For the calculation of "large amount", except for the more than 100000 individual funds and 500000 or more units raised in the judicial interpretation, the author agrees to calculate the direct loss of the victim and deduct the part returned by the perpetrator; the crime of fund-raising fraud and the loan dispute,The fundamental distinction between generalized fund-raising disputes and the crime of illegally absorbing deposits from the public, the crime of fraud, the crime of fraudulent issuance of stocks, the crime of bonds, etc., or the fundamental distinction between such acts as raising funds or defrauding, or their "illegal purpose of possession",Or in the raising of funds in the "larger amount" and the use of "fraud methods."The identification of the principal and subordinate in the joint crime of financing fraud is distinguished according to the position and function of the joint perpetrator in the joint crime.The common denominator of the articles of law and imaginative concurrence of the crime of financing fraud is that the perpetrator only carried out one act, and because of the complicated provisions of the law, those who have violated many articles at the same time are in line with each other.Because of any crime can not be fully evaluated for the behavior of imagination competing, in practice of the crime of fund-raising fraud and imaginative competition should be combined with specific cases, comprehensive analysis of a variety of circumstances to determine,To adapt the crime to the final punishment.The crime of raising funds for fraud is stipulated in Article 192 of the Criminal Law as "for the purpose of illegal possession, using the method of fraud to raise funds illegally, in large amounts". The author believes that this crime is a crime of raising funds for fraud rather than swindling.The emphasis of this provision is on the use of fraud to raise funds (that is, the focus is on raising funds, which is confused with the offence of fraudulent issuance of stocks and bonds,The crime of financing fraud belongs to the type of crime of financial fraud under the item of destroying the order of socialist market economy in the division of criminal law, that is, the legislator intends to protect the market order which should follow "good faith" which is destroyed by his method of "fraud".Therefore, the focus of this crime should be the "fraud" carried out by using the illegal method of raising funds, so the author suggests that the article can be amended as "to use the illegal method of raising funds for the purpose of defrauding" in order to make the charge of the crime consistent.In order to avoid "large amount" becoming the only condition for the crime of fraud by raising funds, the author suggests adding "serious circumstances" as a selective condition.Moreover, the penalty of the subject of unit crime should increase the penalty of qualification or cancellation, which coincides with the system of "prohibition of employment" added in the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law, so as to play a better role in the prevention of particularity.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3;D920.5

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