美欧日诉中国稀土出口限制案的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 19:00

本文选题：稀土 + WTO规则　；参考：《新疆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：2012年3月13日，美国、欧盟、日本以中国对稀土产品的出口限制措施违反了WTO规则和中国入世承诺为由向世贸组织提起了贸易争端诉讼。这就是中、美、欧、日等国的“稀土之战”。2014年3月26日，WTO专家组公布了此案的专家组报告，裁决中国违反了相关WTO规则和入世承诺，中国初裁败诉。本文分为四个部分，首先探讨了此案的争端背景，，介绍中国稀土资源面临稀土储存量急剧减少和严重的环境污染问题，中国基于保护资源与环境的考虑将出口鼓励型政策转变为出口管制型政策。接着介绍了“稀土案”的“前奏”即“原材料案”的主要争议焦点。可以看到两案相似度极高，都是发达国家针对中国不可再生资源提出的贸易争端。文章第二部分对此案进行了法律剖析。介绍了此案的案件进程。申诉方的起诉理由主要是中国违背了入世承诺和GATT1994相关规定，还有WTO的透明度原则。接着文章针对中国稀土出口限制措施与入世承诺和GATT1994相关规定进行相符性分析。最后对中国的抗辩理由即GATT1994第20条进行法律分析，深入剖析此案的法律问题。文章第三部分结合两案分析中国的败诉原因，主要有入世承诺的宽泛，国内法规政策与WTO规则不一致，证据不充分，政策不够透明化等。文章最后一部分针对中国自然资源贸易争端愈演愈烈的形势提出针对性的见解和建议，希望能在保护国内稀土资源和符合WTO规则之间找到合理的平衡点。
[Abstract]:On March 13, 2012, the United States, the European Union and Japan filed a trade dispute with the World Trade Organization for China's export restrictions on rare earth products in violation of WTO rules and China's WTO commitments.This is the "war of rare earths" between China, the United States, Europe and Japan. On March 26, 2014, a panel of WTO experts published a report on the case, ruling that China had violated relevant WTO rules and WTO commitments, and China had initially lost its judgment.This paper is divided into four parts. First of all, the background of the dispute is discussed, and the rare earth resources in China are faced with a sharp decrease in rare earth storage and serious environmental pollution.Based on the consideration of protecting resources and environment, China transforms its export incentive policy into export control policy.Then it introduces the prelude of rare earth case, which is the main dispute focus of raw material case.It can be seen that the two cases are highly similar, both of which are trade disputes brought by developed countries against China's non-renewable resources.The second part of the article carries on the legal analysis to this case.The course of the case was introduced.The complaint was based on China's breach of WTO commitments and GATT1994 rules, as well as WTO's transparency principles.Then this paper analyzes the conformity of China's rare earth export restriction measures with WTO commitments and GATT1994 regulations.At last, the article 20 of GATT1994 is analyzed, and the legal problems of this case are deeply analyzed.In the third part, the author analyzes the reasons of China's failure from the two cases, including the broad promise of China's entry into WTO, the inconsistency of domestic laws and regulations with the WTO rules, the insufficient evidence, and the lack of transparency of the policy, etc.In the last part of the paper, the author puts forward some opinions and suggestions on the situation of China's natural resources trade disputes, hoping to find a reasonable balance between protecting domestic rare earth resources and complying with WTO rules.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.295;D922.6;D924.3

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