单位犯罪与自然人犯罪的处罚标准宜统一

发布时间：2018-04-14 19:45

本文选题：单位犯罪 + 自然人犯罪　；参考：《法学》2015年01期

【摘要】：立法上对单位犯罪与自然人犯罪规定不同的处罚标准,不但在理论上引起单位犯罪与自然人犯罪在定罪量刑标准及法定刑配置上的各种争议,也导致了司法实践的诸多困惑。从完善单位犯罪定罪量刑标准和法定刑配置的角度出发,应将单位犯罪与自然人犯罪的处罚标准统一起来。无论是从定罪量刑标准确立的依据、犯罪构成以及刑法设立单位犯罪的目的来看,还是就解决司法实践中的困惑、实现刑事法公正的价值观而言,均宜统一单位犯罪与自然人犯罪的定罪量刑标准。况且,司法实践中也出现了统一单位犯罪与自然人犯罪定罪量刑标准的趋势。而对单位犯罪与自然人犯罪设立不同定罪量刑标准的各种理由本身也难以成立。同时,对单位犯罪配置不同于自然人犯罪法定刑的立法理由并不符合刑法理论,基于刑法平等适用原则和兼顾报应与功利配刑原则的要求,为了更好地实现单位犯罪立法目的,亦宜统一单位犯罪与自然人犯罪的法定刑配置。统一单位犯罪与自然人犯罪的处罚标准后势必会扩大犯罪圈及使得处罚结果趋重,对于这个问题的解决,其一可以通过立法上提高该自然人犯罪的入罪标准来缩小自然人犯罪圈,进而限缩对应的单位犯罪圈;其二降低部分相关自然人犯罪的法定刑,并规定罚金刑均由单位承担,相关责任人员不承担罚金刑;其三可以将单位犯罪作为法定的从宽处罚情节,在刑法上规定:"单位犯罪的,对单位判处罚金;对其直接负责的主管人员和其他责任人员除不承担罚金的刑事责任外,依照本法分则的规定判处刑罚,并可以从轻或者减轻处罚。"
[Abstract]:The different punishment standards of unit crime and natural person crime in legislation not only cause all kinds of disputes between unit crime and natural person crime in conviction and sentencing standard and legal penalty disposition, but also lead to a lot of confusion in judicial practice.From the point of view of perfecting the standard of conviction and sentencing of unit crime and the disposition of legal penalty, the punishment standard of unit crime and natural person crime should be unified.Not only from the basis of establishing the standard of conviction and sentencing, the constitution of the crime and the purpose of establishing the unit of criminal law, but also from the point of view of solving the confusion in judicial practice and realizing the values of justice in criminal law.Should unify unit crime and natural person crime conviction sentencing standard.Moreover, the judicial practice also appears the unified unit crime and the natural person crime conviction sentencing standard trend.However, it is difficult to establish different conviction and sentencing standards for unit crime and natural person crime.At the same time, the legislative reasons for the collocation of unit crime is different from the legal punishment for natural person crime, which does not conform to the theory of criminal law. Based on the principle of equal application of criminal law and the requirement of taking into account the principle of retribution and utilitarian punishment, in order to better realize the legislative purpose of unit crime,Also should unify the unit crime and the natural person crime legal punishment disposition.After unifying the punishment standard of unit crime and natural person crime, the crime circle will be enlarged and the result of punishment will become heavier. To solve this problem,First, we can narrow down the circle of natural person crime through legislation to improve the standard of the crime of the natural person, and then limit the corresponding circle of unit crime; secondly, we can reduce the legal penalty for some related natural person crimes, and stipulate that the fine penalty shall be borne by the unit.Third, the unit crime can be regarded as the legal lenient punishment circumstances, and it is stipulated in the criminal law: "if the unit commits a crime, the unit shall be sentenced to a fine;"The persons in charge and other responsible persons directly responsible for them shall, in addition to not assuming criminal responsibility for the fine, be sentenced to a penalty in accordance with the provisions of the sub-provisions of this Law and may be given a lighter or mitigated punishment. "
【作者单位】：华东政法大学法律学院;
【基金】：上海市高校一流学科(华东政法大学刑法学)建设计划的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D924.1

【共引文献】