互联网金融非法集资行为的刑法规制

发布时间：2018-04-14 20:23

本文选题：互联网金融 + 非法吸收公众存款罪　；参考：《江西财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：互联网金融是传统金融行业与互联网信息通信技术下实现的投资、支付、融资和信息中介等服务的一种新型金融业务方式。而刑法为了惩罚违反金融监管秩序和实施金融犯罪的非法集资行为,构建了以非法吸收公众存款罪的为核心的规制体系。目前,互联网金融中的集资行为大多在形式上符合金融监管规定中的非法集资特征,因此导致其发展受限于刑法规制。这种规制方式的认定标准主要还是依靠于金融行业的行政法规,因而按照这种方式评价集资行为,大量的集资行为会被认为是犯罪。一方面国家提倡互联网金融创新,另一方面集资行为触及犯罪的边缘,这就造成了金融发展创新和刑法规制产生龃龉困境。在《关于促进互联网金融健康发展的指导意见》、《网络借贷信息中介机构的业务活动管理办法》及《证券法(修订)》等一系列有互联网金融法律规定的出台,在互联网监管方面采取新的措施。如果仍然按照以行政法规为认定标准的刑法规制方式,必然会导致刑法对互联网金融的干预过度,不利于互联网金融创新。为了改变金融创新和刑法规制不相适应的局面,使互联网金融监管和金融发展相符合,为了构建合适的规制方式,作者进行了具体的分析并提出了解决方案。文章通过分析互联网金融中进行筹资行为的三种模式,并结合具体案例进行归纳互联网金融中非法集资行为的主要特征,揭开其“神秘面纱”。互联网金融涉及人数众多且传播地域范围广,筹资方式复杂、募集金额巨大,因此,互联网金融筹资一旦出现问题所造成的影响巨大。众筹、P2P网络借贷平台以及类余额宝模式下的三种筹资方式中因为具备吸收资金的特性和投资收益的返还性的特征,极易触及非法集资的红线,通过分析筹资模式的运作方式以及相关的行业监管规则剖析了其中存在的风险,这些筹资模式在行为上的偏移很有可能触犯集资诈骗罪和非法吸收公众存款罪。在探讨存在的风险性境况下分析了目前我国刑法对互联网金融中的非法集资行为规制现状以及对规制过程中存在的主要问题进行阐述。刑法对于互联网金融非法集资行为并没有前置监管,多数情况下由于刑法的规定,一些金融行为目前只能通过行政法规来进行规制,而刑法只能在非法集资类罪名下针对存在的犯罪构成要件进行判定,因此一些金融行为打着法律的擦边球而侥幸未受处罚。经济持续发展下在规制过程中出现了金融创新和刑法规制的龃龉。通过阐述当前刑法规制的现状,明确刑法规制非法集资是为了维护金融业务的管理秩序,规制的认定标准也是以行政法规为基础,根据刑法谦抑性的理论基础,强调刑法介入互联网非法集资的必要性,同时也阐明了刑法对其规制的过程中应当须适应金融发展的需要,在规制和放开金融创新过程中得到平衡。此外,金融监管对刑法规制非法集资行为做出改变。刑法的规制方式应当结合金融发展和互联网监管规则相适应。在互联网监管体系尚未完全之时,刑法对现有非法集资行为的规制方式应当进行改良,使之既能够对互联网金融犯罪进行打击,又不会遏制金融创新。
[Abstract]:Internet banking is the traditional financial industry and the Internet information communication technology to achieve the investment, payment, a new way of financing and financial business information intermediary services. And criminal acts of illegal fund-raising in order to punish violations of financial supervision order and the implementation of financial crime, constructed by the crime of illegal absorbing public deposits as the core of the regulation system at present, fund-raising behavior of Internet banking in the most consistent with the financial regulations, illegal fund-raising features in form, thus leading to the development of criminal law is limited to that standard. The regulation of the main or depends on the financial industry regulations, so the evaluation in this way a large number of fund-raising fund-raising behavior, behavior will be considered is a crime. On the one hand the country to promote internet financial innovation, on the other hand touches the edge of crime fund-raising behavior, which resulted in the development of financial innovation The new criminal law and dispute predicament. In < guidance on about promoting the healthy development of Internet banking, "business activity management measures on the network credit information agency and the Securities Law (Amendment)" and a series of provisions of Internet Financial Law in the Internet network management to take new measures if still. In accordance with the administrative regulations for the way of criminal law standards, will inevitably lead to criminal intervention on the Internet financial excess, is not conducive to the Internet financial innovation. In order to change the financial innovation and regulation of criminal law can not adapt to the situation, the Internet financial supervision and financial development is consistent, in order to construct the appropriate mode of regulation, the author makes concrete analysis and solution is put forward. Through the analysis of three modes of financing behavior of Internet finance, combined with the specific case summarized the Internet Financial The main features of illegal fund-raising behavior, uncover its mystery. Internet banking involves a large number and geographical spread of a wide range of financing complex, raising the amount is huge, therefore, the Internet financial financing once the impact caused by the magnitude of the problem. All the chips, three kinds of financing P2P network lending platform and the balance of treasure mode the return of the characteristic absorption with fund characteristics and investment income, easy to touch the illegal fund-raising red line, through the analysis of financing mode of operation and supervision of the relevant rules of industry analysis of the risks, the offset financing model in behavior is likely to violate the crime of fraud and illegal absorption public deposit crime. On the risk analysis of the current situation of China's criminal law on the status of illegal fund-raising behavior regulation of the Internet financial and compliance The main problems in the process were described. The criminal law for the Internet Financial illegal fund-raising behavior and no pre supervision, in most cases due to the provisions of the criminal law, some financial behavior are only through administrative regulations to regulate the criminal law, and only in the illegal fund-raising charges according to the crime determination, so some financial behavior a legal edge ball with no penalty. The sustained economic development in the process of regulation of the financial innovation and regulation of criminal law of discord. By describing the status of current criminal law regulation, clear criminal regulation of illegal fund-raising is to maintain financial business management order, standard of regulation is based on the administrative regulations as the basis, according to the theory of the foundation of the criminal law, emphasizes the necessity of the criminal law involved in Internet illegal fund-raising, but also to clarify the regulation of criminal law The process should be to meet the needs of the financial development, regulation and release balance in the process of financial innovation. In addition, the financial supervision of the criminal regulation of illegal fund-raising behavior change. The regulation of criminal law should be combined with the Internet financial development and regulatory rules to adapt. The Internet supervision system has not been fully when the criminal law regulation on the existing illegal fund-raising behavior should be improved, so as to crack down on Internet financial crime, and does not contain the financial innovation.

【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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