刑法犯罪数额问题的探析

发布时间：2018-04-17 02:08

本文选题：刑法 + 犯罪数额　；参考：《广西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：数额作为对犯罪行为定罪量刑的重要依据,在我国刑事立法中的作用十分突出,它不仅是确定犯罪是否成立的基本构成,而且是对于判处刑罚与否以及判处轻重的基本因素,同时作为我国刑事立法、理论与司法中的一个突出问题,构成我国刑事立法及司法体系中的一个重要“角色”,占掘了刑事立法及司法体系的半壁江山。在刑事理论、立法及司法中,其不仅具有重要的理论价值及法律价值,而且还涉及到法律适用的公平及公正等法律基本价值问题,在法律适用的公平、公正等原则性问题上,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。随着我国市场经济的不断发展,经济类犯罪与日俱增,数额问题也日渐受到刑法理论界进一步关注,在司法实践中,对于犯罪数额的认定和计算问题,最高人民法院专门作出司法解释。在这样的大趋势之下,国内外众多学者对既定类型犯罪数额问题进行研究,发表了大量学术专著,其中包括盗窃、抢劫、诈骗、贪污受贿、侵犯知识产权等类型,但是,相对于刑法整体规定的数额问题,对其本身内涵界定、内在特征以及细化分类的问题,在理论上进行分析的较少。因此,本文以现行立法规范及司法解释作为基础,进行相关的梳理和归纳,并通过国内外立法模式进行比较,分析数额问题在刑法中定罪量刑的作用,整合理论界对于数额问题的观点,发现数额问题在司法中存在的缺陷,提出相关完善建议,以供司法实践办理此类案件时作为参考。基于此,本文以如下的思路展开研究：本文总体构架分为四大部分：第一部分：犯罪数额基本概述。该部分从多角度进行分类汇总,归纳整合,先深化对数额问题的认识,对于立法概况进行横向与纵向的理解,总结数额问题在刑法中的价值和意义。然后,该部分将犯罪数额作为整体,对其从多个角度进行分类,深化对其认识和理解,分析其本质特征,总结出犯罪数额在刑法中的功能和作用。第二部分：犯罪数额的规范揭示。该部分研究的意义在于,将司法解释以数目的形式将空白规范予以填充,将模糊规范予以明确。通过分析我国刑法中具体犯罪数额条款的具体分布,以找出数额问题在刑法中存在的规律,从规律中阐述数额问题本身对于刑法理论和法律基本问题价值的作用。同时,分析犯罪数额中关于定罪和量刑两者之间的关系,数额作为定罪量刑的决定性因素,直观的量化了行为本身的社会危害程度,而定罪量刑的规则和方法,随着经济发展、文明进步以及社会发展不断调整,反过来促进数额问题不断向更合理、更规则、更科学的方向完善。第三部分：我国犯罪数额现状的考察。该部分重点分析犯罪数额现状,进而深入理解犯罪数额在我国的刑法中的重要意义。犯罪数额对于定罪和量刑都起着重要的作用,在我国刑法理念中责任主义没有得到贯彻的情形下,犯罪数额无论在定罪的角度还是量刑的角度,都无法体现出罚当其罪的问题。以实证的方法针对我国制度及其运行进行研究,分析我国立法的规定和司法运行相关问题,有助于发现我国犯罪数额的问题,在此基础上寻求我国问题的解决之道。第四部分：完善我国犯罪数额的路径思考。犯罪定量因素存在于我国法律制度的必要性和合理性,抛却理论不言,犯罪成立如果采“立法定性、司法定量”的模式,必将触动到我国法律体制的方方面面,从刑法到行政法,从实体法到程序法,这种“牵一发而改全貌”的改革方案不具有可行性。第二种方案会导致法律朝令夕改,有损法律的稳定性,也不可取。真正值得考虑的是第三种方案。动态比例的方式,既符合犯罪数额设定的适时性和区域性要求,又能使公众直观感知具体犯罪的社会危害性。在统计工作日益健全完善、网络普及、信息通达的今天,这种方式也具备相当的可操作性。当司法现实无法应对数额标准过低或过高造成的诉讼压力时,以动态比例的方式加以调整,较之直接提高或者降低具体的数额,更易于为公众理解和接受。当然,这种方案也是对刑事立法和司法解释大规模的清理和修改,不过,如此改动虽然可能会“伤筋动骨”,但却是“标本兼治”的最优选择。鉴于此,该部分对数额问题在立法及司法等多方面的综合分析,同时对比国内外数额问题规定,发现并总结其中亟待解决的问题与不足,经过权衡之后,提出完善建议。
[Abstract]:The amount as an important basis for the crime of conviction and sentencing in the criminal legislation of our country plays a prominent role, it is not only the basic constitution of the crime is established, but for the punishment and sentenced to the severity of the basic factors, at the same time as China's criminal legislation, a prominent problem in the theory and judicial that constitutes an important role in China's criminal legislation and judicial system, accounting for half of the country made criminal legislation and judicial system. In criminal theory, legislation and judicature, the law has not only theoretical value and important value, but also involves the law applicable to the fairness and justice of law basic value problems in the application of the law of justice, principle of justice, which has important theoretical value and practical significance. With the continuous development of China's market economy, economic crimes and increasing the amount of ask, The question also gradually becomes the theory circle of criminal law further attention in the judicial practice, for the problem of the identification and calculation of the amount of crime, the Supreme People's court to make judicial interpretation.
Under this trend, many scholars at home and abroad to study the established type amount of crime, has published a number of monographs, including theft, robbery, fraud, bribery, infringement of intellectual property rights and other types, however, relative to the amount of the whole criminal law provisions, the definition of its connotation, characteristics and problems detailed classification, analysis of less in theory. Therefore, this paper on the current legislation and judicial interpretation as the basis, and summarizes the relevant legislation, and models at home and abroad through comparison, analysis the amount of conviction and sentencing in the criminal law, the integration theory for the amount of point defects the amount of problems in the judicial practice, put forward relevant suggestions for the judicial practice, as a reference for handling such cases. Based on this, this paper takes the idea of the study are as follows:
The overall framework of this paper is divided into four parts:
The first part: basic overview. This part of the amount of crime from the perspective of classify, first summarized integration, deepening the understanding of the issue of amount, and the vertical and horizontal understanding of legislation, summarizes the value and significance of the amount in question in the criminal law. Then, this part will be the amount of crime as a whole, it from many aspects the angle classification, deepen the understanding and understanding of its essential characteristics, summarizes the function and effect of the amount of crime in the criminal law.
The second part: the amount of crime. This part is the standard to reveal the significance of the study, the judicial interpretation to the number of blank form specifications to be filled, fuzzy norms to be clear. Through the concrete analysis of the specific distribution of crime in the criminal law of our country in terms of the amount, in order to find out the amount of question in criminal law in the law, the amount of this problem the value of basic theory of criminal law itself and the role of law from the law. At the same time, the analysis about the relation between the conviction and sentencing of the crime amount, the amount as a decisive factor in the conviction and sentencing, intuitive to quantify the degree of social harm behavior itself, and the rules and methods of conviction and sentencing, along with economic development, continuous adjustment of civilization the progress and development of society, promote the amount to more reasonable and more perfect rules, more scientific direction.
The third part: the effects of the amount of crime situation in our country. This part focuses on the analysis of the amount of crime situation, and deeply understand the significance of the amount of crime in Chinese criminal law. The crime amount for the conviction and sentencing plays an important role, the principle of responsibility has not been implemented in case of China's criminal law concept, the amount of Crime no matter in the conviction or sentencing point of view, can not reflect the proportionality problem. In the empirical method for our system and its research, analysis of related problems of our legislation and judicial operation, contribute to our crime problem, the solution for this problem in our country on the basis of.
The fourth part: the perfection of China's path of the amount of crime. The crime quantitative factors exist in the legal system of our country the necessity and rationality, but the theory does not say, "if the crime legislation judicial qualitative, quantitative" model, will touch the law system of our country from the aspects of criminal law to the administrative law. From the substantive law to procedural law, the "one change picture" reform plan is not feasible. Second schemes will lead to the legal stability law inconstant in policy, loss, nor desirable. Really worth considering is the third schemes. The dynamic mode of the proportion of the amount of crime, not only conforms to the set time and regional requirements, social harm and make the public perceived specific crime. The popularity of the network in the statistical work is perfect, and the accessibility of information today, this way also has considerable maneuverability. When justice Reality can not cope with the amount of standard is too low or too high due to the litigation pressure, in a dynamic way to adjust the ratio, compared with the direct increase or decrease the specific amount, more acceptable for the public to understand and. Of course, this scheme is also on the criminal legislation and judicial interpretation and modification of large scale cleaning, however, such changes may "but it is optimal, injured in the sinews or bones" "cure" choice. In view of this, this part of the amount of the issue in the legislative and judicial aspects of the comprehensive analysis and comparison of domestic and foreign amount of provisions, and summarizes the problems and shortcomings, after weighing, puts forward some suggestions.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】