我国刑法新型恐怖主义犯罪立法研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 04:51

  本文选题：恐怖主义 + 极端主义　； 参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：恐怖主义犯罪严重危害公共安全、甚至威胁一个主权国家的国家安全,具有一般刑事犯罪所不具有的严重破坏性,我国目前面临的反恐形势比较严峻,为适应新时期打击恐怖活动犯罪的需要,2015年通过的《刑法修正案(九)》(以下简称《刑修(九)》)对恐怖活动犯罪立法做出了最大篇幅地调整,同年12月27号通过了《中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法》(以下简称《反恐法》),集中立法体现了国家严厉打击恐怖主义犯罪的决心和反恐的严峻态势。本文将围绕我国刑法反恐立法的规定,将文章分成四大部分,系统地对恐怖主义犯罪立法提出自己的看法见解。文章第一部分,将简要分析我国恐怖主义犯罪的特征、发展趋势等,追本溯源,做到有的放矢,深入探究了解恐怖犯罪活动的来龙去脉,对症下药,这样我们才能制定出符合国情、能有效打击恐怖活动犯罪的系统法律体系。虽然我们对恐怖主义、极端主义的概念早已不陌生,但《刑修(九)》增设的恐怖主义、极端主义犯罪首次在刑法中出现了 "恐怖主义"、"极端主义"的名词概念,概念是犯罪内在特征和外在特征的高度概括,概念的缺乏容易产生司法适用中理解上的混乱。刑法虽然引入了 "恐怖主义"、"极端主义"等名词概念,但目前并没有相关司法解释、法律法规等对恐怖主义、极端主义作出标准、科学的含义区分,《反恐法》对"恐怖主义"进行了定义,却只是用列举的方式描述了"极端主义"的外在表现形式,从相关立法内容来看,恐怖主义与极端主义存在部分内涵重合的地方,这会给司法实践中准确认定恐怖主义与极端主义犯罪带来困惑。恐怖主义与极端主义的概念固然要区分,但恐怖主义与极端主义在我国的司法实践中是紧密联系的,二者存在某种程度的共生性,对两者决不能割裂地看待,在区分二者的同时也要全面把握二者的联系。对这些问题,笔者将在文章第二部分结合相关法律规定,对比学者的意见看法提出自己对恐怖主义、极端主义等概念的理解。《刑修(九)》第七条新增的五条恐怖主义犯罪罪名体现了刑法加强了对预备犯与抽象危险犯立法的趋势特点,体现了新形势下国家打击恐怖活动犯罪立法的新趋势。文章将详细剖析这种立法趋势与其中原因。另外,笔者还将重点分析新增恐怖主义犯罪的犯罪构成要件,对新增几条的恐怖主义犯罪进行细致把握。上述内容将在第三章详细展开。文章第四部分对《刑法》恐怖主义犯罪立法的不足之处提出自己的建议,目前恐怖主义犯罪立法缺乏系统性、整体性,对恐怖主义犯罪的刑法规制除了刑法第120条以外,还分散在其他刑法分则之中,这样的立法体系未能很好地体现打击恐怖主义犯罪与一般刑事犯罪之间的区别,对于这种问题,笔者建议增设恐怖活动罪、删除《刑法》第120条规定的组织、领导、参加恐怖组织罪,详细内容将在下文展开。另外,《刑法》第120条规定的恐怖主义犯罪规定在第二章节——危害公共安全罪中,鉴于恐怖活动犯罪强烈的分裂国家、危害国家安全的政治目的,这样的章节安排不太适宜,笔者将对恐怖主义犯罪应放置在刑法哪一章节提出自己的看法。刑法第一百二十条之三规定的选择性罪名——宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义、煽动实施恐怖活动罪中,宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义的行为与煽动他人实施恐怖活动的行为在性质上是不同的,不宜将这几种罪名概括在一起,应分为宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义罪与煽动实施恐怖活动罪比较合适,下文详细探讨其中的原因。最后,为了打击一些新型恐怖主义犯罪,笔者建议再增设部分新罪名。
[Abstract]:Terrorist crimes have seriously jeopardizing public security, even threatening the national security of a sovereign state, with the serious destructiveness that the general criminal offences do not have. The current situation of counter-terrorism in China is severe. In order to meet the needs of the new period to combat terrorist activities, the criminal law amendment (nine) (hereinafter referred to as < hereinafter referred to as < hereinafter referred to as < sentence). In December 27th, the legislation of the Anti Terrorism Law of People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "Anti Terrorism Law >") was adopted in the same year. The concentration of legislation embodies the state's determination to crack down on terrorism and the severe situation of counter-terrorism. This article will focus on the provisions of the anti-terrorism legislation in China's criminal law. In the first part of the article, we will briefly analyze the characteristics and development trend of terrorism crime in our country, and make a clear analysis of the origin and development of the terrorism crime in the first part of the article. We will make a thorough inquiry to understand the origin and development of terrorist crimes, so that we can make the remedy to the case so that we can make it so that we can make it out. The systematic legal system that meets the national conditions and effectively combates the crime of terrorist activities. Although we have long been unfamiliar with the concept of terrorism and extremism, the concept of "terrorism", "extremism", the concept of "extremism" in the criminal law for the first time in criminal law, is the concept of "terrorism" and "extremism" in the criminal law for the first time in the concept of "terrorism" and "extremism". At the height of the feature, the lack of concept can easily lead to confusion in the understanding of judicial application. Although the criminal law introduces nouns such as "terrorism" and "extremism", there are no relevant judicial interpretations, laws and regulations, such as terrorism, extremism, scientific meaning, "Terrorism Law" and "terrorism". The definition of "extremism" is described in an enumerated way. From the relevant legislative contents, terrorism and extremism overlap with some connotations, which will confuse the exact identification of terrorism and extremism in judicial practice. The concept of terrorism and extremism is true. To distinguish, but terrorism and extremism are closely related to the judicial practice of our country. There is a degree of symbiosis between the two, and they can never be treated in a separate manner. While the two are distinguished, the relationship between the two should be fully grasped. In this case, the author will combine the relevant legal provisions and contrast the scholars in the second part of the article. The opinions and views put forward their own understanding of the concepts of terrorism and extremism. < penal repair (nine) > seventh newly added five crimes of terrorism embody the tendency of the criminal law to strengthen the legislation of the preparatory and abstract dangerous offenders, and reflect the new trend of the state legislation against terrorist activities under the new situation. The article will be detailed in detail. In addition, the author will also focus on the analysis of the constitutive requirements of the crime of new terrorism, and carefully grasp the new terrorist crimes. The above contents will be carried out in detail in the third chapter. The fourth part of the article puts forward its own suggestions on the shortcomings of the legislation of the criminal law. At present, the legislation of terrorism crime is lack of systematicness and integrity. Besides the 120th articles of criminal law, the criminal law regulation of terrorism crime is also scattered among the other penal code. The legislative system can not well reflect the difference between the fight against terrorism and the general criminal offense. The crime of terrorist activities should be deleted from the 120th provisions of the criminal law, leading and participating in the crime of terrorist organizations. The detailed contents will be carried out below. In addition, the provisions of the 120th provisions of the criminal law are in the second chapter, the crime of endangering public security, in view of the violent separatist state of the terrorist activities and the political purpose of endangering the security of the state, Such a chapter is not very appropriate. The author will put forward his own views on which chapter of the criminal law should be placed in the criminal law. The selective accusation of the three provisions of the 120th article of the criminal law - advocating terrorism, extremism, inciting terrorism, extremism and incitement to others. The behavior of terrorist activities is different in nature. It is not suitable to sum up these crimes together. It should be divided into the propaganda of terrorism, the crime of extremism and the crime of inciting terrorist activities are more appropriate. The following are discussed in detail. Finally, in order to combat some new terrorist crimes, the author suggests that some new crimes should be added.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3
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本文编号：1832429