犯罪中止的有效性研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 01:13

本文选题：犯罪中止 + 有效性　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着刑法理论研究重心由行为向行为人的转变，主观犯意逐渐取代客观结果成为刑法学界关注的焦点。犯罪中止形态理论体系应运而生。作为犯罪停止形态中最为注重行为人“内心世界”的犯罪中止制度，其区别于犯罪未遂、犯罪预备的本质在于，犯罪行为的停止以及犯罪过程的完结均出自于行为人“自动”、“真挚”的意志。犯罪中止制度设立的宗旨，就是为行为人迁恶向善、勒马回头“架设一座后退的黄金桥”。犯罪中止制度的产生，是刑法理论回应现代文明而作出革新的重大成就。而且，其研究内容多关涉刑法中的重大问题，如罪刑法定原则、罪刑均衡原则、刑罚目的理论等等。因此，如何以犯罪中止理论的研究成果丰富整个刑法理论体系，以及如何以该理论有效地指导司法实践从而实现该制度的初衷，就成为了刑法学者不可回避的问题。近些年来，犯罪中止制度的研究已经取得了重大进步。但是，唯独“有效性”的问题却鲜有人问津。本文就拟对与“有效性”相关的问题作一系统研究，以期填补犯罪中止制度研究的空缺，完善犯罪停止形态理论体系。本文共分三个部分，各部分的主要内容如下：第一部分，主要介绍有效性的一般性理论，即有效性是否是犯罪中止认定的必备要件、有效性认定的法理与伦理依据以及有效性常态下的表现形式。首先，作为全文立足的前提，笔者主张有效性是贯穿犯罪中止制度的重要条件，不应认为其仅属于积极防果型的犯罪中止。其次，具体判定有效性时，立场不同则结局大相径庭。本文在简要介绍各种理论学说的前提下，提出笔者的主张，即责任减少与政策的并合说，并基于责任减少与政策的并合说，对与有效性有关的所有问题作出回答；同时扼要叙述了伦理道德依据。最后，系统阐释有效性在常态下的表现形式，以作为有效性认定的一般标准，即彻底性与真诚性是有效性的两个不同侧重的表现形式或判定标准。第二部分，主要介绍“结果”与有效性的关系，在简单阐释“结果”涵义的基础上重点阐述了危险犯在犯罪中止形态下的样态问题，认为危险犯可构成犯罪中止，且是实害犯状态下的中止；此外，也对结果发生后是否有成立犯罪中止的余地作了简要分析，提出了结果发生仍有成立中止的可能性。第三部分，主要介绍因果关系与有效性的关系，重点分析因果关系瑕疵是否影响犯罪中止有效性的判定，在主张因果关系与有效性之间不具有必然联系的基础上，对因果关系瑕疵下有效性的具体判定作了深入探讨。以第三人行为阻断因果关系为重点，系统分析了因果关系瑕疵下有效性判定时的思路与路径。另外，也扼要介绍了准中止犯制度，，主张可以引入该制度以解决因果关系与有效性的复杂关系问题。概而言之，本文以责任减少与政策的并合学说作为全文的理论基调，形成以下个人观点：其一，有效性至关重要，是犯罪中止认定的最后防线，不能以自动性、客观性等要件予以取代；其二，在不同的犯罪行为形式下，有效性判定各有侧重，即彻底性与有效性需灵活掌握；其三，危险犯亦有成立犯罪中止的余地；其四，因果关系并非判定有效性有无的依据。
[Abstract]:With the change of the theory of criminal law , it is the focus of the criminal law . The essence of the criminal suspension system is that the criminal law theory responds to the modern civilization .

In recent years , the research on the system of the suspension of crime has made great progress . However , the problem of " validity " is seldom questioned . In this paper , a systematic study of the problem related to " validity " is proposed in order to fill the vacancy of the study of crime suspension system and perfect the theory system of crime stop form .

This article is divided into three parts , the main contents of each part are as follows :

In the first part , the general theory of effectiveness is mainly introduced , that is , whether the validity is the essential condition for the suspension of the crime , the legal and ethical basis for the validity determination and the manifestation of the validity of the validity .
At the same time , the moral basis of ethics is briefly described . Finally , the expression of validity in the normal state is explained by the system , which is the general standard of validity determination , that is , the completeness and sincerity are two different forms of expression or determination standard of validity .

The second part mainly introduces the relation between the " result " and the validity , on the basis of the simple explanation of the meaning of the " result " , the paper mainly expounds the sample state of the dangerous criminals in the form of the suspension of the crime , and considers that the dangerous criminals can constitute the suspension of the crime and the suspension of the state of the real crime ;
In addition , there is also a brief analysis of whether there is room for the suspension of the crime after the outcome has occurred , and the possibility of suspension of the results has been put forward .

The third part mainly introduces the relationship between the causality and the validity , and focuses on the determination of whether the cause - effect relationship is affected by the validity of the crime .

In brief , this paper takes the theory of responsibility reduction and policy as the theoretical keynote of the whole text , and forms the following personal opinions : Firstly , the validity is very important , it is the last line of defense of the crime stop determination , cannot be replaced with the elements of automatic , objectivity and so on ;
Second , under the different forms of criminal behavior , the validity of the judgment is focused on each side , that is , the thoroughness and validity need to be mastered flexibly ;
( c ) There is also room for the establishment of a criminal suspension ;
Fourthly , the causal relationship is not the basis for judging the validity or absence of validity .

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

【参考文献】