见危不救的犯罪化研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 08:31

本文选题：见危不救 + 道德法律化　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，见危不救事件一直都出现在大众的视野当中，并且呈现出愈演愈烈之势。见危不救这种现象的普遍存在，反映了现代社会人与人之间关系的冷漠、传统道德遭遇的危机，威胁到人们生活的正常秩序，对和谐社会的影响极其恶劣。不管是在理论界还是实务界，见危不救入刑问题一直都是备受关注的焦点。本文以见危不救具体发生事件为切入点，对见危不救行为入刑的必要性和合理性以及具体法律设置等方面均进行了较为深入的论述。本文共分六个部分，大约3万字左右，具体内容如下：论文第一部分是问题的提出。这一部分通过对持续出现的事件的分析引出见危不救行为入刑的社会公众态度和现实意义，从而为研究见危不救行为的犯罪化提供实践依据和现实基础。论文第二部分是见危不救的概念及其理解。鉴于现有的关于见危不救的概念多为模糊不清或者范围过广，为能更严肃且科学地研究见危不救的犯罪化问题，该章节在对见危不救中“见”的理解、“危”的范围、“救”的方式进行了较为详细论述的基础上，在为见危不救的入刑进行了条件限制的前提下，对见危不救作出了较为准确且严密的定义，为下文的展开奠定了基础。论文第三部分是关于见危不救行为国内外立法规定的介绍。这一部分通过对我国古代以及国际上关于见危不救行为的法律规定的介绍，说明将见危不救入刑是有一定的历史渊源的，无论是我国古代还是国外的立法规定对于我国刑法增设见危不救罪均有一定的借鉴意义。论文第四部分对见危不救犯罪化的本质进行了分析。在这一部分中，笔者重点从人的属性、和谐关系、精神文明等方面来说明见危不救行为的社会危害性，而这也是见危不救入刑的必要性体现。往小了说，见危不救威胁个人的生命健康；往大了说，见危不救不利于社会和谐和稳定，乃至整个人类的存续。论文第五部分对见危不救入刑的合理性及可行性从理论根据方面进行了分析。前半部分主要论证法律在适当条件下可以介入道德调整领域，不作为犯罪中的作为义务适宜做实质性解释，，从而说明见危不救犯罪化的正当性。后半部分主要通过对人的社会属性、本土文化与现代社会环境、刑法的谦抑性等方面的分析说明了见危不救入刑的合理性。论文第六部分是对见危不救犯罪化的立法设计。这一部分对见危不救犯罪化进行了犯罪构成和刑罚设置两方面的立法设计，另外对救助者的保护也提出了相关建议。关于见危不救罪的犯罪构成主要从四个要件的角度进行了具体的论述；在刑罚设置中，笔者建议严格遵守罪刑相适应和刑法谦抑性原则。此外，在保护救助人方面也提出了笔者的意见，从而尽量避免“好人难当”的尴尬局面的出现。
[Abstract]:In recent years, unrescuable incidents have always appeared in the field of vision of the masses, and are becoming more and more intense. The widespread existence of this phenomenon in danger reflects the indifference between people and people in the modern society, the crisis of the traditional moral encounter, the normal order of people's life, and the extremely bad influence on the harmonious society. In the theoretical and practical field, the question of "not saving in danger" has always been the focus of attention. This article is a breakthrough point in this paper, which is the starting point of the failure to save concrete events. The necessity and reasonableness as well as the specific legal setting are discussed in this paper.
This article is divided into six parts, about 3 words, and the details are as follows:
The first part of the paper is the proposal of the problem. Through the analysis of the continuing events, this part leads to the social public attitude and practical significance of the entry of dangerous and non rescue actions into punishment, so as to provide practical basis and practical basis for the study of the criminalization of dangerous and non rescuing behavior.
The second part of the paper is the concept and understanding of danger and non salvation. In view of the fact that the existing concept of danger and non rescue is mostly ambiguous or too wide, it is more serious and scientific to study the criminalization of danger and no rescue. This chapter is in the way of understanding the "see", the scope of "danger", and the way of "saving". On the basis of the detailed discussion, on the premise of limiting the conditions of entry into penalty for danger, it makes a more accurate and strict definition for the non rescue of danger, which lays a foundation for the following.
The third part of the paper is an introduction to the domestic and foreign legislative provisions of the act of danger and non salvation. This part, through the introduction of the legal provisions on the non rescue act of danger in ancient China and in the world, shows that there is a certain historical origin for the failure to save the sentence, whether it is the legislative provisions of our ancient or foreign countries and the criminal law of our country. It has certain reference significance to add the crime of danger and not rescue.
In the fourth part of the paper, the essence of the incriminalization of dangerous non rescue is analyzed. In this part, the author focuses on the social harmfulness of dangerous and non rescuing behavior from the aspects of human nature, harmonious relationship and spiritual civilization, and this is the embodiment of the necessity of failing to save the punishment. In the long run, danger is not conducive to social harmony and stability, and even to the survival of mankind as a whole.
The fifth part of the thesis makes an analysis of the reasonableness and feasibility of the danger of not saving into punishment from the theoretical basis. The first half of the article mainly demonstrates that the law can intervene in the field of moral adjustment under appropriate conditions, not as the obligation in the crime to make a substantial explanation, so as to explain the legitimacy of the failure to save the crime. The second half of the main part is the main part of the thesis. It is necessary to analyze the social nature of people, the local culture and modern social environment, and the restraint of criminal law.
The sixth part of the paper is the legislative design for the non salvation of the crisis. This part has made the legislative design of two aspects of the constitution of the crime and the setting up of the penalty for the non salvation of the danger, and also put forward some relevant suggestions on the protection of the rescuer. The constitution of the crime of danger and not rescuing is mainly discussed from the angle of four important elements. In the setting of punishment, the author suggests that the principle of adaptation to crime and the modesty of criminal law be strictly observed. In addition, the author's opinion is also put forward in the protection of the salvor so as to avoid the embarrassment of the "bad man".

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】