被害人承诺能力判断因素初探

发布时间：2018-05-16 04:15

本文选题：承诺能力 + 刑法规定　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：被害人承诺是一项正当化事由，被害人承诺能力是被害人承诺的构成要件之一，是指被害人有完全充分的理解能力，能够认识承诺的内容、后果，并作出正确承诺。本文认为，判断被害人是否具有承诺能力时应首先考虑刑法规定，刑法无规定的，不需以民事行为能力为必要，也不应以刑事责任能力为必要。判断被害人是否具有承诺能力时无法确定一个统一的、量化的标准，而应主要考虑被害人做出承诺时的理解能力，并且综合考虑承诺时的理智程度、智力水平、年龄等相关因素。被害人承诺,作为正当化事由之一,是关于公民私权与国家、社会公权的界限划分的理论,进而也体现了国家对于法秩序不同价值的取向,世界各国大都为其设定了不同的成立条件。但在我国刑法理论对该问题的研究还不够深入，刑法当中也未有明确规定，，致使司法实践中对涉及被害人承诺的认定与判断把握不准。本文旨在通过对被害人承诺能力的解析论证，结合司法实例论证推演，为加快解决司法实务中的难点问题，乃至推动被害人承诺的立法工作贡献绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:Victim commitment is a legitimate matter. Victim commitment ability is one of the constitutive elements of victim commitment. It means that the victim has a complete understanding ability, can understand the content, consequences of the commitment and make a correct commitment. This paper holds that the criminal law should be the first consideration in judging whether the victim has the capacity to promise. If there is no provision in the criminal law, it is not necessary to take the capacity of civil conduct as the necessity, nor should the capacity of criminal responsibility be the necessity. When judging whether the victim has the ability to commit, it is impossible to determine a unified, quantitative standard, but should mainly consider the ability of understanding when the victim makes the commitment, and consider comprehensively the degree of reason and the level of intelligence of the commitment, Age and other related factors. The victim's commitment, as one of the reasons for legitimization, is the theory of dividing the boundary between the private rights of citizens and the public rights of the state and society, which also reflects the orientation of the different values of the state for the legal order. Most countries in the world have set different conditions for its establishment. However, the study of this problem in the theory of criminal law in our country is not deep enough, and there is no clear stipulation in the criminal law, which leads to the uncertainty of the determination and judgment of the commitment of the victim in the judicial practice. The purpose of this paper is to make a modest contribution to solve the difficult problems in judicial practice and even to promote the legislative work of victim's commitment through the analysis and demonstration of the victim's commitment ability and the demonstration and deduction of the judicial example.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

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