美国刑事快速审判权的宪法检验与立法嬗变

发布时间：2018-05-16 04:28

本文选题：快速审判权 + 司法审查　；参考：《环球法律评论》2017年03期

【摘要】：《美国宪法第六修正案》中被告人享有快速审判的权利,在美国被告人基本权利的宪法司法检验中别具特点。这项权利本身的多元价值取向导致美国联邦最高法院在对该权利的宪法检验过程中更具复杂性。美国联邦最高法院在1972年的Barker案件中提出关于该权利检验的双重路径和四要素标准,为该权利的司法审查提供了基础性参照标准。美国国会在1974年通过的《联邦快速审判法案》吸收了美国联邦法院司法判例中形成的相关规则,将该权利通过成文法的形式加以系统化和规范化。在美国刑事快速审判权规则的演变中,成文法与判例法都发挥了积极作用,在该权利的保护和规则形成过程中互为补充、互为促进。美国快速审判权的宪法检验和立法嬗变过程中的经验和教训,可为我国刑事快速审判制度的立法和创新提供有益的借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the sixth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, the accused enjoy the right to a speedy trial, which has special features in the constitutional judicial examination of the basic rights of the accused in the United States. The pluralistic value orientation of the right itself makes the U.S. Supreme Court more complex in its constitutional test of the right. In the 1972 Barker case, the Federal Supreme Court of the United States put forward the double path and four-element standard on the test of the right, which provided the basic reference standard for the judicial review of the right. The Federal Quick trial Act passed by the United States Congress in 1974 absorbed the relevant rules formed in the judicial jurisprudence of the United States Federal Court and systematized and standardized the right through the form of statutory law. In the evolution of the rules of criminal fast trial in the United States, both statute law and case law have played an active role in the protection of this right and the formation of the rules, which complement and promote each other. The experience and lessons in the process of constitutional examination and legislative evolution of the American rapid trial power can provide useful reference for the legislation and innovation of the criminal fast trial system in our country.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院;
【基金】：国家2011计划司法文明协同创新中心的研究成果作者主持的2016年度中央政法委重大项目“国外刑事案件快速处理程序机制研究”的研究成果
【分类号】：D971.2;DD914

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