恐怖活动犯罪界定研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 19:28

本文选题：恐怖活动犯罪 + 恐怖主义　；参考：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,恐怖活动犯罪发展迅速,严重影响了人们的生命健康等人身权及财产权,也对我国的公共安全、社会秩序造成了严重破坏,打击恐怖分子,打击恐怖活动犯罪,势在必行。而恐怖活动犯罪虽出现在我国《刑法》、《刑事诉讼法》、《反恐怖主义法》等多部法律中,但是,恐怖活动犯罪的具体含义是什么,却一直没有统一答案[1]。因此,对恐怖活动犯罪这一概念做出清晰界定便成了当务之急。本文引入敌人刑法理论和社会契约论,并结合《反恐怖主义法》相关规定,对恐怖活动犯罪的内涵和外延进行重新界定:恐怖活动犯罪是指个人或单位为实现其政治、意识形态的目的,针对民用设施、非武装人员等非战斗性目标或者国家机关、国际组织等战斗性目标,以暴力、破坏、恐吓等手段,侵犯公民人身权、财产权,危害社会公共秩序、公共安全的行为。而具体的恐怖活动犯罪可分为确定态恐怖活动犯罪、可能态恐怖活动犯罪。此外,还存在与恐怖活动犯罪密切相关的恐怖活动外围犯罪。恐怖活动犯罪所适用的刑事政策有基本原则和具体原则。处理恐怖活动犯罪的三项基本原则是“坚持严格依法办案”、“坚持宽严相济、区别对待”、“坚持执行宗教、民族政策”。“严厉打击、从重处罚”则是对基本原则的细化,也是我们应在各类恐怖活动犯罪中具体实施的刑事政策。需要特别注意,我国的恐怖活动犯罪虽然集中在新疆、西藏等宗教信徒众多的少数民族区域,但是,恐怖活动犯罪自身并不与某一宗教挂钩,不管是基督教,佛教,还是伊斯兰教,几乎所有的宗教的共同点都是倡导善和美,提倡的是仁爱与和平,并不引诱信徒实施犯罪行为,侵害国家或他人利益。纵然部分恐怖分子是某一宗教的信徒,其宣称实施恐怖活动犯罪是受某一宗教教义启发,也不宜将恐怖活动犯罪与该宗教挂钩。因为,行为人对宗教教义的曲解,不代表该宗教自身与恐怖活动的直接联系。我国宪法规定了公民宗教信仰自由,国家保护公民信仰宗教的权利,在打击恐怖活动犯罪中,我们也要更加注意保护公民的宗教信仰自由,切勿将恐怖组织与特定宗教混同。此外,对恐怖活动犯罪人虽然要实行“严厉打击,从重处罚”的刑事政策,但是,我们依然要注意对被告人人权的保障。“严厉打击,从重处罚”并非没有限制,现代社会是法治社会,也是人权社会,任何事情都必须依法进行,不能超过“法律”的准线,否则便失去该事物本身的价值和意义。对任何人的处罚和规制都必须尊重其作为人的所应享有的基本权利,即使是对实施了恐怖活动犯罪的行为人也应如此,只有在合法的框架下,保证人权的条件下,“从严从重”的形势政策才能真正起到遏制犯罪的作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the crime of terrorist activities has developed rapidly, which has seriously affected the personal rights and property rights of people, such as life and health, and has also caused serious damage to the public safety and social order of our country, cracking down on terrorists and cracking down on crimes of terrorist activities. It is imperative. Although the crime of terrorist activity appears in many laws, such as Criminal Law, Criminal procedure Law, Anti-Terrorism Law and so on, there is no uniform answer to what the specific meaning of the crime of terrorist activity is. Therefore, it is urgent to define the concept of terrorist crime clearly. This paper introduces the theory of enemy criminal law and the theory of social contract, and combines with the relevant provisions of the Anti-Terrorism Law to redefine the connotation and extension of the crime of terrorist activity: the crime of terrorist activity refers to the individual or the unit in order to realize their politics. The purpose of ideology is to violate citizens' personal rights and property rights by means of violence, sabotage and intimidation against civilian installations, unarmed personnel and other non-combatant targets, or by State organs and international organizations. The act of endangering public order and public safety. The specific terrorist activity crime can be divided into certain terrorist activity crime and possible terrorist activity crime. In addition, there are also terrorist crimes closely related to terrorist activities. The criminal policy applicable to the crime of terrorist activity has basic principles and specific principles. The three basic principles in dealing with the crime of terrorist activities are "to strictly handle cases according to law", "to persist in combining leniency and strict punishment, and to treat them differently", and "to adhere to the policy of religion and nationality." "strike hard, punish severely" is a refinement of the basic principles and a criminal policy that we should implement in all kinds of terrorist crimes. We should pay special attention to the fact that although the crimes of terrorist activities in our country are concentrated in the ethnic minority areas where there are many religious believers in Xinjiang and Tibet, the crimes of terrorist activities themselves are not linked to any particular religion, whether Christian or Buddhist. Or Islam, the common denominator of almost all religions is to advocate kindness and beauty, to advocate benevolence and peace, and not to induce believers to commit criminal acts against the interests of the state or others. Even if some terrorists are followers of a certain religion, it is not appropriate to link the crime of terrorist activity with that religion because it is inspired by the doctrine of a certain religion. Because the perpetrator's misinterpretation of religious doctrine does not represent the direct connection between the religion itself and terrorist activities. The Constitution of our country stipulates the freedom of religious belief of citizens, and the state protects the right of citizens to believe in religion. In cracking down on the crime of terrorist activities, we should pay more attention to protecting the freedom of religious belief of citizens, and do not confuse terrorist organizations with specific religions. In addition, we should pay attention to the protection of the human rights of the defendants, although we should carry out the criminal policy of "severely cracking down and severely punishing" the perpetrators of terrorist activities. "strike hard, punish severely" is not without restriction, modern society is a society ruled by law, is also a society of human rights, everything must be carried out according to law, can not exceed the line of "law", otherwise it will lose the value and significance of the thing itself. The punishment and regulation of any person must respect his or her fundamental rights as human beings, even for the perpetrators of terrorist crimes, and only within the framework of legality and under conditions that guarantee human rights, The "strict and important" situation and policy can really play a role in curbing crime.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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