没收财产刑废除研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 05:43

本文选题：没收财产刑 + 刑罚　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着时代的发展和自身的缺陷，没收财产刑的刑罚效果难以实现，没收财产刑的在司法实践中的困境与其历史命运相互作用。当前我国社会经济和法治快速发展的时代背景下，私权观念日益深入人心，提出废除没收财产刑正当其时，既是正视现实存在的问题也是顺应刑罚现代化的发展趋势。本文从我国没收财产刑的历史及现状分析入手，比较考察国外没收财产刑历史发展及相关改废经验，对没收财产刑的存废之争进行总结评析，反思没收财产刑的正当性合理性，并进一步论证废除没收财产刑的原因，最后就相关制度提出配套完善建议。全文分为四个部分：第一部分：我国没收财产刑的历史沿革与现状。首先介绍我国没收财产刑产生、发展及演变的历程，展现我国没收财产刑的发展脉络。然后分别简要概述我国没收财产刑立法现状和司法现状，并总结分析没收财产刑静态特点和动态问题。为下文比较分析以及进一步论证没收财产刑的悖理性做铺垫。第二部分：国外没收财产刑立法例及改废经验考察。通过介绍国外没收财产刑产生、发展和嬗变历程，展现没收财产刑的在国外的基本发展趋势。然后对外国相关没收财产刑立法现状作一概述，指出当前在世界范围内除我国、朝鲜、蒙古、越南等社会主义国家外已屈指可数，没收财产刑历史命运昭然若揭。在没收财产刑存废立场上，社会主义国家和资本主义国家的态度分歧，把我们的目光转向了俄罗斯，通过考察俄罗斯从苏联时代各个时期到二十一世纪两度刑法修改中没收财产刑的立法背景和特点，分析总结俄罗斯没收财产刑相关立法改废经验，为我国没收财产刑存废问题提供重要的参考借鉴。第三部分：没收财产刑悖理性分析。此部分是本文重点所在，首先总结评述我国没收财产刑存废之争，分别介绍主存论、主废论和主改论三方的主要立场和观点，然后就争议的主要焦点问题进行评析，同时澄清存废之争中的几个误解，尤其是对没收财产刑是否违宪问题做了澄清；然后分别以目的刑论和报应刑论的观点对没收财产刑的正当性与必要性问题进行反思。接着分别从论证没收财产刑与现代刑法的罪刑法定、刑法平等和罪刑均衡三大基本原则冲突，，分析没收财产刑对财产权制度的冲击与消极影响，评价没收财产刑的司法困境与其命运相互作用，三个方面进一步探讨没收财产刑将被历史淘汰的直接原因、社会原因和司法实践原因。第四部分：相关制度协调完善。没收财产刑毕竟在刑罚体系占有一席之地，废除后必然留下许多空白必须予以合理解决，需要对现行相关制度进行协调，尤以罚金刑和特殊没收制度必须进行配套修改。废除没收财产刑后，罚金刑将承担更重要的任务，对一些亟待完善的问题提出了意见；特别没收制度的缺陷必须正视，尤其是缺少了没收财产刑对特别没收的扭曲功能即规避举证财产非法性责任的功能，如何保障打击犯罪所得力度与保障人权是特别没收制度必须面临的问题。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times and its own defects , the penalty effect of confiscation of property penalty is difficult to realize , and the predicament of confiscation of property penalty in judicial practice interacts with its historical fate .

The full text is divided into four parts :

The first part : The historical evolution and the present situation of the confiscation of property penalty in our country . Firstly , the author introduces the history of the confiscation of property penalty in our country , the development and the evolution of the property penalty , and shows the development of the confiscation of property penalty in our country . Then , it summarizes the present situation and the current situation of confiscation of property penalty legislation in our country , and summarizes the static characteristics and dynamic problems of the confiscation of property penalty .

In the second part , the author gives an overview of the status quo of the confiscation of property penalty in foreign countries , and points out that the historical fate of the confiscation of the property penalty in China , North Korea , Mongolia , Vietnam and other socialist countries has been revealed .

In the third part , the author summarizes the main positions and views of the three sides of confiscation of property in our country , and then makes a comment on the main focus of the dispute , and clarifies some misunderstandings in the dispute , especially whether the confiscation of property penalty is unconstitutional .
Then , the author reflects on the necessity and legitimacy of the penalty of confiscation of property with the view of the penalty theory and the theory of retribution . Then , the author analyzes the impact and negative influence of the penalty on property right system , analyzes the impact and negative influence of the property penalty on property rights system , evaluates the judicial dilemma of confiscation of property penalty and its fate , and further discusses the direct cause , social causes and judicial practice cause of confiscation of property penalty .

The fourth part : The related system is coordinated and perfected . After all , the penalty system occupies a place in the penalty system . After the abolition of the penalty , it is necessary to make a reasonable solution . It is necessary to coordinate the current relevant system , especially the fine penalty and special confiscation system . After the confiscation of the property penalty , the penalty will take more important tasks , and some suggestions are put forward for the problems that need to be perfect .
The shortcomings of the special confiscation system must be squarely faced , especially the lack of the function of the confiscation of property penalty to the special confiscation , namely , the evasion of the illegal responsibility of the proof property , how to guarantee the fight crime and guarantee the human rights are the problems which must be faced by the special confiscation system .
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

【参考文献】