英美不能犯研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 14:08

本文选题：事实不能 + 法律不能　；参考：《中国青年政治学院》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自不能犯产生以来,就备受关注。两大法系围绕不能犯各自形成了一套自己的理论,英美法系从能否作为未遂犯辩护理由的角度出发将不能犯分为事实不能与法律不能,并指出事实不能犯不能作为辩护理由,应当处罚;法律不能犯可以作为未遂犯的辩护理由不予处罚。大陆法系围绕如何区分不能犯与未遂犯形成了十分复杂的学说,从大的方面将分为主观说与客观说两大学说体系。我国刑法只有不能犯未遂的概念,传统观点认为不能犯未遂属于未遂犯的一种,应当予以处罚。在重新架构不能犯理论的过程中,我国对以德日为代表的大陆法系不能犯理论研究比较多,而对以英美为代表的英美法系不能犯理论则关注的比较少。本文选取英美法系的代表英、美两国的刑法,通过对英美法系的不能犯理论进行一定的梳理,从英美不能犯理论的概念、分类,普通法及相关制定法的规定,理论上的争议与批判几个方面展开讨论,运用比较分析、案例分析等方法对英美不能犯理论进行全面的介绍,最后通过对英美不能犯的分析得出,英美刑法不能犯理论并不适用于我国,但其理论仍然为我国不能犯理论的进一步研究提供很多借鉴意义。本文共分为五部分,第一部分是英美不能犯概念的厘清,英美不能犯与大陆法系以及我国的不能犯未遂概念不同,也与同样作为辩护理由的错误存在区别。第二部分是对英国普通法及制定法对不能犯规定的梳理。英国普通法通过霍顿诉史密斯案确立了不能犯理论的一般原则,但之后的审判中多有反复,并没有彻底的坚持通说确立的一般原则,制定法对不能犯同样没有做出明确详细的规定,这就导致了实践中再运用不能犯的一般原则时存在极大的混论。第三部分是对美国普通法及制定法不能犯规定的介绍。针对实践中在区分事实不能与法律不能面临的困境,许多学者提出法律不能作为辩护未遂犯理由的原则不能一概适用,主张对通说进行修正,主要有三种修正观点。第四部分介绍英美不能犯理论的背景及目前理论上对通说观点的批判。在预防理论背景下的英美不能犯理论,体现了明显的主观主义倾向。许多学者开始对通说主要依据行为人的犯罪意图的做法进行反思,尝试从客观主义的视角重新架构不能犯理论。第五部分主要介绍英美不能犯理论对我国的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Since the emergence of impossibility, attention has been paid to it. The two major legal systems have formed a set of their own theories around the impossibility of offense. From the angle of whether they can be used as the justification for attempted crime, the Anglo-American legal system divides the impossibility into fact and law, and points out that the fact can't be committed as the defense reason. Should be punished; the law can not be committed as the defense of attempted crime without punishment. The continental law system has formed a very complicated theory about how to distinguish between impossibility and attempted crime, which can be divided into subjective theory and objective theory. The criminal law of our country only has the concept of attempted crime, and the traditional view is that it is a kind of attempted crime and should be punished. In the process of re-structuring the theory of non-offense, our country pays less attention to the theory of non-offense in the civil law system represented by Germany and Japan, but to the theory of non-offense in the common law system represented by the United States and the United States. This article selects the British and American criminal law which is the representative of Anglo-American law system, through combing the theory of non-offense in Anglo-American law system, from the concept, classification, common law and the provisions of relevant statutory law of Anglo-American non-offense theory. The theoretical controversy and criticism of several aspects of the discussion, the use of comparative analysis, case analysis and other methods of Anglo-American impossibility to conduct a comprehensive introduction of the theory, finally through the analysis of Anglo-American impossibility, The theory of impossibility of criminal law in Anglo-American criminal law is not applicable to our country, but its theory still provides a lot of reference significance for further study of the theory of impossibility in our country. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the clarification of the concept of Anglo-American impossibility. The Anglo-American impossibility is different from the continental law system and the concept of attempted impossibility in our country. The second part is the carding of the English common law and the statutory law. The common law of England established the general principle of impossibility through Horton v. Smith, but the trial has been repeated since then, and the general principle established by the general theory has not been fully adhered to. The formulation law does not make clear and detailed stipulation on the same impossibility, which leads to the great confusion when the general principle of impossibility is applied again in practice. The third part is the introduction of the common law and the statute law of the United States. In order to distinguish between fact and law in practice, many scholars put forward that the principle that law can not be used as a reason for defending attempted offense can not be applied. There are three kinds of amendments to the general theory. The fourth part introduces the background of Anglo-American impossibility theory and the criticism of general theory at present. Under the background of prevention theory, Anglo-American can not commit the theory, which reflects the obvious subjectivism tendency. Many scholars begin to reflect on the general theory, which is mainly based on the criminal intention of the perpetrator, and try to reconstruct the theory of impossibility from the perspective of objectivism. The fifth part mainly introduces the reference meaning of Anglo-American impossibility theory to our country.
【学位授予单位】：中国青年政治学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D914

【共引文献】