论个人信息的私法保护路径

发布时间：2018-05-30 14:18

本文选题：个人信息 + 私法保护　；参考：《天津师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会与科技的不断发展,人类已经步入了信息社会。与农业社会、工业社会的核心经济资源不同的是,在信息社会中,信息已经成为社会的核心经济资源,成为人们生活中必不可少的资源。在这样的现实条件下,社会上存在着许多政府机构及商业主体收集及不法使用个人信息的现象,侵犯公民个人信息的现象日益凸显。从我国立法上来看,2009年通过的《刑法修正案(七)》增加了保护公民个人信息的相关条款,但是在私法层面上我国并没有对个人信息进行法律保护,完善立法是国家履行对公民权益保护责任的最主要体现。我国对个人信息的法律保护还不够完善,出台一部专门的《个人信息保护法》应当成为我国当前保护个人信息的重点。借鉴他国的优良做法能够使我国在立法上少走一些弯路,通过分析两大法系中的美国模式与德国模式,可以了解两者的优缺点,并根据我国的具体情况,合理吸收他们的精华。对于两种模式的选择,我国应当选择统一立法型的德国模式,对个人信息的保护应当进行统一的立法。本文研究的重点在于如何对个人信息进行私法保护,怎样从私法层面上对个人信息进行保护。首先本文剖析了个人信息的概念与内容,只有在了解个人信息内容的情况下才能对其进行私法保护。本文明确了个人信息的内涵外延、主要分类以及法律属性,然后探究对个人信息进行私法保护的理由。其次本文认为个人信息私法保护的基本方法包括两种途径,一种是以权利的方法进行保护,另一种是通过法益的方法进行保护。然后分析我国目前对个人信息保护的基本格局,对现有立法中已经规定的能够包含个人信息的各项权利,如姓名权、肖像权、名誉权、荣誉权、隐私权等进行分析。再次,对两大法系中的美国模式和德国模式进行介绍,美国模式是以隐私权为基础来保护个人信息,而与美国不同,德国是以一般人格权为基础来保护个人信息,分析两者的差异,进而结合我国实际,认为我国应当借鉴德国模式,借鉴德国对个人信息保护以一般人格权为基础的方式。最后,笔者分析了“权利化”与“法益化”两种路径的利弊,分析了国内学者对于个人信息保护的两种路径选择上的不同观点,在此基础上得出了对个人信息保护进行“权利化”并不合理的结论,本文主张应当对个人信息包含的特定个人信息利益进行“法益化”的保护。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of society and science and technology, mankind has entered the information society. Different from the agricultural society and the industrial society, in the information society, the information has become the core economic resources of the society and the essential resources in people's life. Under such realistic conditions, there are many phenomena of collecting and illegally using personal information by many government agencies and commercial subjects, and the phenomenon of infringing on citizens' personal information is becoming more and more prominent. From the point of view of the legislation of our country, the Criminal Law Amendment (7) passed in 2009 increases the relevant provisions to protect the personal information of citizens, but in the level of private law, our country does not carry on the legal protection to the personal information. Perfect legislation is the most important embodiment of the country's responsibility to protect the rights and interests of citizens. The legal protection of personal information in our country is not perfect, so it should be the focal point of protecting personal information in our country to issue a special personal information protection law. Using the good practices of other countries for reference can make our country take a few detours in legislation. By analyzing the American model and the German model in the two legal systems, we can understand the advantages and disadvantages of the two models, and reasonably absorb their essence according to the concrete situation of our country. For the choice of the two models, our country should choose the German model of unified legislation, and the protection of personal information should be unified legislation. This paper focuses on how to protect personal information in private law and how to protect personal information from private law level. First, this paper analyzes the concept and content of personal information, only in the context of understanding the content of personal information can be protected by private law. This paper clarifies the connotation and extension of personal information, its main classification and legal attributes, and then probes into the reasons for the private law protection of personal information. Secondly, this paper holds that the basic method of private law protection of personal information includes two ways, one is to protect by right method, the other is to protect by means of legal interest. Then it analyzes the basic pattern of personal information protection in our country, and analyzes the rights that can contain personal information, such as name right, portrait right, reputation right, honor right, privacy right and so on. Thirdly, the American model and the German model in the two major legal systems are introduced. The American model is to protect personal information on the basis of privacy, and different from the United States, Germany protects personal information on the basis of general personality right. By analyzing the difference between the two, and combining the reality of our country, we think that our country should draw lessons from the German model and draw lessons from the German way of protecting personal information on the basis of the general personality right. Finally, the author analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the two paths of "right" and "legal interest", and analyzes the different views of domestic scholars on the choice of two paths for personal information protection. On this basis, the author draws the conclusion that it is unreasonable to "right" the personal information protection. This paper argues that the specific personal information interests should be protected by "legalization".
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923;D924.3

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