污染环境罪因果关系疑难问题探究

发布时间：2018-06-10 21:15

本文选题：污染环境罪 + 因果关系认定　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：受传统发展方式的影响,近几年来,我国环境问题日益突出,威胁着人们的生存,阻碍着国家的可持续发展,因此有效约束、严厉打击严重的环境污染行为成为重中之重。污染环境罪作为打击严重污染行为的利器被寄予厚望,但因其自身的独有特征,使其因果关系认定具有一定的特殊性,特别是环境污染结果形成机理的复杂性所导致的对科学技术的较高依赖性与现有科技难以完全满足其需要的矛盾,容易导致部分严重的污染环境犯罪逃避刑事法网的制裁,因此,有效解决污染环境罪因果关系认定所面临的困境、进一步完善环境犯罪刑事法网,成为本文研究的方向。本文共分为四个部分。第一部分主要讨论了污染环境罪因果关系认定的基本问题,明确了污染环境罪因果关系的概念界定,具体分析了刑法因果关系的双层次理论,阐述了这一理论在污染环境罪因果关系领域的具体适用,通过分析污染环境罪因果关系的特殊性指出我国污染环境罪因果关系认定的难题,主要有事实因果关系领域的污染物质查证难、证明链条建立难以及法律因果关系领域的多因一果刑事责任认定难的问题,为下一步具体探究解决之策奠定基础。第二部分主要讨论了污染物质查证难问题的解决思路,具体分析了疫学研究方法的适用,在否定日本疫学因果关系理论的基础上借鉴美国经验提出了对于疫学研究结论的选择性适用。第三部分主要讨论了证明链条建立难问题的解决思路,在妥善考量我国刑法和刑事诉讼法体系构成的基础上,提出了对"因果关系推定"和"间接反证规则"的反思,主张可以考虑通过对条件说的精细化适用降低控方的证明难度,具有较高的实用性和可行性。第四部分主要讨论了多因一果刑事责任认定难的问题,明确了多因一果问题与介入因素问题的界分,主张适用原因力标准认定和划分各个污染行为所应承担的客观刑事责任。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of traditional development mode, in recent years, environmental problems in our country have become increasingly prominent, threatening the survival of people and hindering the sustainable development of the country. Therefore, it is very important to effectively restrain and severely crack down on the serious environmental pollution behavior. The crime of polluting the environment is expected to be a sharp weapon in the fight against serious pollution, but because of its own unique characteristics, the causality of the crime has a certain particularity. In particular, the high dependence on science and technology caused by the complexity of the formation mechanism of environmental pollution results and the contradiction that existing science and technology are difficult to fully meet their needs, which can easily lead to some serious environmental pollution crimes evading criminal law net sanctions. Therefore, it is the research direction of this paper to effectively solve the dilemma of environmental crime causality identification and further improve the criminal law network of environmental crime. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part mainly discusses the basic problem of the causality of the pollution environmental crime, defines the concept of the causality of the pollution environmental crime, and analyzes the two-level theory of the criminal law causality. This paper expounds the concrete application of this theory in the field of causality of environmental crime of pollution, and points out the difficult problem of determining causality of crime of pollution of environment in our country by analyzing the particularity of causality of crime of pollution of environment. It is difficult to verify the pollution substance in the field of factual causality, to prove that the chain is difficult to establish, and that it is difficult to identify the criminal liability of multiple causes and consequences in the field of legal causality, which lays the foundation for the next concrete exploration and solution. The second part mainly discusses the solution to the problem of the difficulty of checking the pollutants, and analyzes the application of the method of epidemic research. On the basis of negating the causality theory of Japanese epidemic science, the selective application of the conclusions of epidemic science research is put forward on the basis of the experience of the United States. The third part mainly discusses the solution to the problem of the establishment of the chain of proof. On the basis of proper consideration of the constitution of criminal law and criminal procedure law system, it puts forward the reflection on the presumption of causality and the rule of indirect counter-proof. It is suggested that it is practical and feasible to reduce the difficulty of the prosecution through the refinement and application of the condition theory. The fourth part mainly discusses the problem that it is difficult to identify the multi-cause and one-fruit criminal liability, clarifies the boundary between the multi-cause one effect problem and the intervention factor problem, and advocates to apply the criterion of cause force to identify and divide the objective criminal responsibility of each pollution act.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.36

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