醉驾犯罪量刑均衡问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 22:32

本文选题：公共政策分析 + 地方政府　；参考：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：2011年5月1日实施的《刑法修正案(八)》新设立了危险驾驶罪。将危险驾驶行为作为犯罪进行惩罚,体现了人民群众对于公共交通安全的高度关注,反映了国家进一步加强保护民生的立法宗旨。作为一项公共政策,司法实践中以危险驾驶罪名被追究刑事责任的犯罪人,绝大部分是因为醉酒驾驶。醉酒驾驶属于抽象危险犯,如何把握好此类犯罪的量刑均衡问题,是当前刑事审判工作中的一大难点。为此,笔者以浙江省金华地区义乌市、永康市、婺城区、金东区四家基层法院为分析单位,从中选取1098份醉驾犯罪刑事判决书,采取文献研究的内容分析方法,提取醉驾犯罪刑事判决书记载的犯罪主体情况、案件认定事实、裁判说理以及判处刑罚等信息,分析样本法院办理醉驾犯罪案件情况。调查研究表明,醉驾犯罪人呈现多样性特征,相应行为模式亦存在差异；对于同一地区、相同时段、犯罪情节相近似的案件,样本法院在缓刑适用比例、判处罚金数额等方面差异明显,尚不能实现刑罚的基本平衡。分析原因,主要有：立法过于原则笼统、地方政府惩治重点存在差异、政府交管部门查处力度不一、检察机关缺少明确的量刑建议、样本法院裁判思路不统一、内部协调不足等。而醉驾犯罪量刑均衡问题在法律层面表现为公正量刑问题,从经济学的角度看则是刑罚的效率问题。为了解决这个问题,本文运用公共政策分析方法,借鉴法经济学理论成果,将刑法价值取向设定为效率,从醉驾犯罪和刑罚的经济分析入手,探索建构细化醉驾犯罪量刑政策的经济学分析理论平台。主要内容包括：一、全面分析醉驾犯罪个人成本与收益,运用行为经济学理论,构建理性犯罪决策模型,揭示醉驾犯罪决策机制。二、依据犯罪个人成本与收益结构的差异,区分和归类不同的行为模式,细化研究对象,具体分析适用缓刑的条件。三、创新科斯交易成本理论在刑罚领域的运用,将刑罚成本外部性内部化,解决量化罚金数额问题。四、分析拘役对犯罪人造成的经济损失,构建拘役与罚金替代关系函数模型,解决适用缓刑情况下罚金量化问题。五、分析罚金执行不能与刑罚收益的均衡,探讨缓刑适用比例问题。据此,笔者基于地级市地方政府视角,提出完善醉驾犯罪量刑政策的建议：政府交管部门规范执法；检察机关规范推进量刑建议工作；审判机关细化醉驾犯罪量刑规则；地方政府职能充分发挥。
[Abstract]:On May 1, 2011, the Criminal Law Amendment (8) established the crime of dangerous driving. The punishment of dangerous driving behavior as a crime reflects the people's great concern for the safety of public transportation and the legislative purpose of the state to further strengthen the protection of the people's livelihood. As a public policy, most of the criminals who are prosecuted for dangerous driving in judicial practice are drunk driving. Drunken driving is an abstract dangerous crime. How to grasp the balance of sentencing of this kind of crime is a big difficulty in the current criminal trial. Therefore, taking four basic courts in Yiwu, Yongkang, Wucheng and Jindong District, Jinhua District, Zhejiang Province as analysis units, the author selects 1098 criminal judgments on drunk driving crime, and adopts the content analysis method of literature study. This paper extracts the information of the subject of the crime recorded in the criminal judgment of drunk driving crime, the facts of the case identification, the reasoning of the judge and the sentence, and analyzes the situation of the sample court dealing with the case of drunk driving crime. The investigation and research show that the drunk driving offenders have diverse characteristics, and the corresponding behavior patterns are different. For the cases with similar crime circumstances in the same area and the same time period, the sample court applies to the probation rate. The difference in the amount of fine is obvious, and the basic balance of penalty can not be realized. The main reasons are: the legislation is too general, the focus of local government punishment is different, the investigation and punishment efforts of the government traffic control department are different, the procuratorial organ lacks the clear sentencing suggestion, the sample court judgment mentality is not unified, Inadequate internal coordination, etc. On the other hand, the balanced sentencing of drunk driving crime is the problem of fair sentencing on the legal level, and the efficiency of penalty from the angle of economics. In order to solve this problem, this paper applies the method of public policy analysis, draws lessons from the theoretical achievements of law and economics, sets the value orientation of criminal law as efficiency, and starts with the economic analysis of drunk driving crime and penalty. To explore the construction of a detailed sentencing policy of drunk driving economic analysis theoretical platform. The main contents are as follows: first, the author analyzes the individual cost and income of drunk driving crime, constructs a rational crime decision-making model and reveals the decision-making mechanism of drunk driving crime by using the theory of behavioral economics. Secondly, according to the difference of the structure of individual cost and income, the author distinguishes and classifies the different behavior pattern, refines the research object, and analyzes the condition of applying probation concretely. Third, innovate the application of Coase's transaction cost theory in the field of penalty, internalize the externality of penalty cost and solve the problem of quantifying the amount of fine. Fourthly, it analyzes the economic loss caused by criminal detention, constructs the function model of substitute relation between criminal detention and fine, and solves the problem of penalty quantification in the case of probation. Fifth, analyze the balance between fine execution and penalty income, and discuss the applicable proportion of probation. On this basis, the author based on the perspective of local governments at the prefectural level, put forward some suggestions to improve the sentencing policy of drunk driving crime: government traffic control department to standardize law enforcement, procuratorial organs to standardize the promotion of sentencing advice work, judicial organs to refine the sentencing rules for drunk driving crimes; The functions of local governments should be brought into full play.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

【参考文献】