转化型抢劫的构成要件及犯罪形态认定

发布时间：2018-06-26 03:50

本文选题：转化型抢劫 + 构成要件　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：抢劫罪自古以来就是我国律法的惩治重点，因其不但侵犯公民的人身权益而且同时侵犯公民的财产权益，世界各国的刑法都对其规定了严厉的刑罚。伴随着司法实践中犯罪行为人行为方式的复杂变化以及人们对于抢劫罪的不断深入研究，产生了转化型抢劫。在我国，转化型抢劫又被称为准抢劫，它并不是我国刑法中的独立罪名，而是基于法律拟制产生的一种抢劫罪的特殊形式。转化型抢劫不同于一般的抢劫罪，它是由行为人先行实施盗窃、诈骗、抢夺等侵犯公民财产权利的犯罪行为之后基于特定目的又实施的后续暴力或暴力胁迫行为，由于其涉及到两个罪名和先后两种行为，不论是刑法理论界还是在司法实践中，对于转化型抢劫及其相关问题的界定上都存在着许多争议。因此，本文根据法律规定，结合有关司法案例，对刑法理论上存在的关于转化型抢劫构成要件和犯罪形态认定的各种观点进行评述，从以下几个部分进行分析并提出笔者的一些浅薄的观点：第一部分，转化型抢劫概述。首先从转化型抢劫的立法概况入手，对我国律法中关于转化型抢劫的规定进行概括并进行比较；其次，通过对转化犯的形成原因和主要特征入手分析转化犯，并以此为依据，对转化型抢劫进行界定。第二部分，转化型抢劫的构成要件。在这一部分中，通过对转化型抢劫成立的前提条件、主体条件、主观条件和客观条件分别进行阐述分析，笔者认为转化型抢劫应当以基础行为构成犯罪为成立的前提，并且基础行为应当达到“数额较大”；作为主体条件的犯罪主体与一般抢劫罪的主体有所区别，即不包括已满14周岁不满16周岁的未成年人；客观时空条件中的“当场”不仅包含行为人实施盗窃、诈骗、抢夺的现场，还包括行为人刚一离开现场即被失主或他人发现而进行追捕的过程；第三部分，转化型抢劫的犯罪形态。对基础罪的犯罪形态进行分析，明确基础罪的未遂形态也可以转化成抢劫罪。通过对刑法理论中关于转化型抢劫犯罪形态各种争议的评述，明确转化型抢劫同样存在未完成形态，进而确立转化型抢劫既遂形态与未遂形态的区分标准，，即以行为人是否取得财物或者造成被害人轻伤以上结果为标准。
[Abstract]:The crime of robbery has been the focus of our country's law since ancient times, because it not only infringes the citizen's personal rights and interests, but also infringes the citizen's property rights and interests, the criminal law of every country in the world prescribes the severe penalty to it. With the complex changes of the behavior of the perpetrators in judicial practice and the continuous in-depth study on the crime of robbery, transformed robbery has been produced. In our country, transforming robbery is also called quasi-robbery. It is not an independent charge in our criminal law, but a special form of robbery based on legal fiction. Transformed robbery is different from ordinary robbery. It is a kind of subsequent violence or coercion that is committed by the perpetrator after the crime of theft, fraud, robbery and other violations of citizens' property rights, which is based on a specific purpose. Because it involves two charges and one after another, there are many controversies on the definition of transforming robbery and its related problems, both in the criminal law theory and in judicial practice. Therefore, according to the provisions of the law, combined with the relevant judicial cases, this paper comments on the various viewpoints on the constitutive elements of transforming robbery and the identification of the criminal form, which exist in the theory of criminal law. This paper analyzes the following parts and puts forward some shallow viewpoints: the first part is an overview of transformational robbery. First of all, starting with the general legislative situation of transformational robbery, this paper generalizes and compares the provisions on transformational robbery in the law of our country; secondly, through the analysis of the causes and main characteristics of the transformed crime, the author analyzes the transformed crime on the basis of it. Define the transformed robbery. The second part, the constitutive elements of transformed robbery. In this part, by analyzing the premise, subject condition, subjective condition and objective condition of transformational robbery, the author thinks that transformed robbery should be based on the basic behavior as the premise of the establishment of crime. And the basic behavior should reach the "large amount", the crime subject as the subject condition is different from the general robbery subject, that is, not including the minors who have reached the age of 14 and under 16 years of age; The "spot" in objective space-time conditions not only includes the scene where the actor committed theft, fraud, and snatch, but also includes the process of being hunted down by the owner or other person as soon as he leaves the scene; the third part, The criminal form of transformational robbery. By analyzing the criminal form of basic crime, it is clear that the attempted form of basic crime can also be transformed into robbery. Based on the review of various disputes about the criminal form of transformed robbery in the theory of criminal law, it is clear that there is also incomplete form in transformed robbery, and then the standard of differentiation between accomplished form and attempted form of transformed robbery is established. That is whether the perpetrator obtained property or caused light injury to the above results as the standard.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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