浅论法律因果关系

发布时间：2018-07-04 19:32

本文选题：主观法律因果关系 + 客观法律因果关系　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：法律因果关系的认定一直以来备受争议,众说纷纭,先后出现了条件说,原因说,相当因果关系说等众多学界观点,但是都不能令人信服。本文通过分析国内外学者的研究成果和理论观点,在法律因果关系的认定上,提出了新的观点。笔者认为,因果关系既是哲学领域的重要研究对象,也是法学领域研究的重点和难题。哲学因果关系和法律因果关系是矛盾的普遍性与特殊性的关系。一方面,哲学是对不同门类的学科的概括和总结,对各类学科特别是社会科学的研究和发展起到指导作用,法学作为社会科学的一部分,它的研究和发展同样离不开哲学的指导。因此,本文第一部分重点阐释法律因果关系的哲学依据,通过哲学因果关系指导法律因果关系。另一方面,法律因果关系有自己的特殊性,我们要明确法律因果关系自身的特点,正确区分哲学因果关系和法律因果关系。因此,第二部分,笔者介绍和分析了法律因果关系的特征。第三部分,笔者重点阐释和分析了国内外学者的研究成果和理论观点,主要包括大陆法系因果关系理论、英美法系因果关系理论以及我国法律因果关系理论,并对这些观点进行评析。第四部分,笔者对“多因一果”下的法律因果关系、不作为法律因果关系、以及间接法律因果关系等几类特殊疑难的法律因果关系的认定进行了分析和探讨。最后第五部分,笔者对自己的观点进行了总结,笔者认为,法律因果关系可以分为客观法律因果关系和主观法律因果关系。客观法律因果关系建立在哲学因果关系的基础之上,行为和结果,要想成立客观法律因果关系,首先得符合哲学因果关系；符合哲学因果关系之后,我们需要进一步判断有无法律上的因果关系,在判断有无法律上的因果关系时,笔者认为相当因果关系说是最合理的,相当因果关系学说是哲学的普遍性和法律的特殊性相结合形成的理论成果。主观法律因果关系,不以哲学因果关系成立为前提,是一种主观推定的法律因果关系。出于对原告的保护和人们行为的指引,为实现法所追求的价值目标,我们就推定被告的行为与原告的损害之间有因果关系,主观法律因果关系虽然不以哲学因果关系成立为前提,但是与哲学因果关系具有密切的联系,正文将做详细介绍。
[Abstract]:The identification of legal causality has always been controversial and divergent opinions have emerged successively conditions theory reason theory quite causality theory and many other academic views but all of them are not convincing. Based on the analysis of the research results and theoretical viewpoints of domestic and foreign scholars, this paper puts forward a new viewpoint on the determination of legal causality. The author thinks that causality is not only an important research object in the field of philosophy, but also a focal point and a difficult problem in the field of law. Philosophical causality and legal causality are the relations of universality and particularity of contradiction. On the one hand, philosophy is the summary and summary of different disciplines, and plays a guiding role in the research and development of various disciplines, especially the social sciences. Its research and development can not be separated from the guidance of philosophy. Therefore, the first part of this paper mainly explains the philosophical basis of legal causality, and guides legal causality through philosophical causality. On the other hand, the legal causality has its own particularity. We should make clear the characteristics of the legal causality and correctly distinguish the philosophical causality from the legal causality. Therefore, in the second part, the author introduces and analyzes the characteristics of legal causality. In the third part, the author focuses on explaining and analyzing the research results and theoretical viewpoints of domestic and foreign scholars, including the theory of causality in continental law system, the theory of causality in Anglo-American law system and the theory of legal causality in our country. And to these viewpoints carry on the appraisal. In the fourth part, the author analyzes and discusses the legal causality, non-legal causality, indirect legal causality and so on. Finally, in the fifth part, the author summarizes his point of view. The author thinks that the legal causality can be divided into objective legal causality and subjective legal causality. Objective legal causality is based on philosophical causality. In order to establish objective legal causality, the behavior and result must first conform to philosophical causality; We need to further judge whether there is a legal causal relationship. In judging whether there is a legal causal relationship, the author thinks that the theory of equivalent causality is the most reasonable. The theory of equivalent causality is the result of the combination of the universality of philosophy and the particularity of law. Subjective legal causality, not based on philosophical causality, is a subjective presumption of legal causality. Out of the protection of the plaintiff and the conduct of the people, and in order to achieve the value objectives pursued by the law, we assume that there is a causal relationship between the actions of the defendant and the damage of the plaintiff, Although the subjective legal causality is not based on the establishment of philosophical causality, it is closely related to philosophical causality, which will be introduced in detail in the text.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D914

【参考文献】