论利用影响力受贿罪的主体

发布时间：2018-07-06 09:49

本文选题：利用影响力受贿罪 + 近亲属　；参考：《华侨大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：贿赂犯罪是当今世界的一个非常突出的问题，为世人所瞩目，特别是在现在的中国，它们几乎成了社会的焦点和热点，是街头巷尾人们都在谈论的主要话题。并且，贿赂犯罪在近年来出现了新的变化，不仅愈演愈烈，而且案情也越来越复杂，，这主要源于社会经济的快速发展。近年来，开始出现了国家工作人员的身边人参与贿赂犯罪的行为，这打破了刑法中受贿犯罪的主体都是国家工作人员的格局。这些行为在案件中具体表现为他们利用与国家工作人员的特殊关系等便利条件去实施犯罪，但是由于刑法中规定受贿罪的犯罪主体必须是国家工作人员，且如果国家工作人员与身边人都否认他们之间有事前通谋，便不能以受贿罪的共犯处罚国家工作人员的“身边人”，根据当时刑法的规定，对这些行为，找不到相应的刑罚进行制裁，由此造成了严重且恶劣的社会影响。根据这一特殊现象的出现，2009年10月《刑法》正式确定了第三百八十八之一条“利用影响力受贿罪”之罪名。但是本罪自颁布实施以来，便在理论与实务界产生了巨大的争议，一是由于作为刑法中的一个新罪名，理论和实务界对其认识还不成熟。二是在利用影响力受贿罪中，出现了模糊性的用语，比如近亲属、关系密切等，而相关的司法解释却并没有对这些用语进行明确，因此，在司法实践中对于此罪的认定有很多争议。本罪在实践中，实际的判决很少，证据比较难以收集是其中的一个原因，而还有一个比较重要的原因是法条中对于主体的规定，一是用语方面比较模糊，二是没有进行明确。所以笔者创作本文，希望能在各位学者的研究基础上，能给司法实践领域带来些许的帮助。文章共分为三个部分：第一部分是概述，首先介绍了本罪的相关的大致问题，以此为引子，引出文章的第二章和第三章。第二部分是文章的重点，主要对该罪中争议性内容比较大的问题进行探讨，然后总结各位学者的观点，在各种理论的基础上，提出笔者本人的观点。最后一部分是司法建议，希望能在笔者的拙见中，对相关的问题有所启示。
[Abstract]:Bribery crime is a very prominent problem in the world today, especially in China, they almost become the focus and hot spot of the society, is the main topic that people are talking about. Moreover, bribery crime has changed in recent years, which not only becomes more and more serious, but also becomes more and more complicated, which is mainly due to the rapid development of social economy. In recent years, the people around the state functionaries began to take part in the crime of bribery, which broke the pattern that the main body of the crime of bribery in criminal law is the state functionary. These acts are specifically manifested in the fact that they make use of the special relations with state functionaries to commit crimes. However, since the criminal law stipulates that the subject of the crime of accepting bribes must be a state functionary, And if both the state functionaries and the people around them deny that there was a prior conspiracy between them, they cannot punish the "people beside them" of state functionaries for complicity in the crime of accepting bribes. According to the provisions of the criminal law at that time, these acts were not punished. The lack of appropriate penalties for sanctions has resulted in serious and adverse social effects. According to the emergence of this special phenomenon, in October 2009, the Criminal Code formally established the crime of "taking bribes by using influence" in Article 388. However, since the promulgation and implementation of this crime, there has been a huge controversy in the theoretical and practical circles. Firstly, as a new crime in the criminal law, the theory and practice of its understanding is not mature. Second, in the crime of taking bribes with influence, there are vague terms, such as close relatives, close relations, etc., but the relevant judicial explanations do not make these terms clear, so, In judicial practice, there is a lot of controversy about the determination of this crime. In practice, the actual judgment is very few, the evidence is difficult to collect is one of the reasons, and there is a more important reason is that the provisions of the law for the subject, one is the use of vague terms, the other is not clear. Therefore, the author of this article, I hope that on the basis of the scholars, can bring some help to the field of judicial practice. The article is divided into three parts: the first part is an overview, first introduced the crime of the general issues, as the introduction, leading to the second and third chapters of the article. The second part is the focus of the article, mainly discusses the controversial content of the crime, and then summarizes the views of the scholars, on the basis of various theories, the author puts forward his own views. The last part is judicial advice, hoping to enlighten the related problems in my humble opinion.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.392

【参考文献】