期待可能性在我国的适用问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 13:51

【摘要】：期待可能性理论最初来源于十九世纪末的德国,经过一个多世纪的不断传播和发展,逐渐给我国刑法理论和司法实践等领域带来较为重大的影响。我国刑法虽然没有明确采用“期待可能性”这一术语,但在刑法总则和分则中常常体现其思想内涵。期待可能性的发展,有其深刻的哲学、法学和伦理基础,其在我国犯罪论中的地位也较为重要。因此,为了更好的改善我国刑法理论体系和完善我国犯罪构成理论及实践,就必须进一步探索和研究期待可能性的相关问题。由于我国目前处于社会转型期,社会矛盾日益增多,怎样有效处理法律与社会现实之间的冲突变成了理论界目前的当务之急。在如今众多国内外学者对该理论研究成果的基础之上,结合我国目前的刑法实际,应当明确期待可能性在我国刑法体系中是否能够得到有效应用、适用的范围包括哪些情形以及在我国刑法实践中应当何如具体运用等问题,进而为我国的刑法立法理论以及司法实践等方面引用期待可能性而探索相应的道路。研究期待可能性的理论意义可以很好的对该理论进行全面且具体的分析,挖掘该理论背后深刻的理论根基,将其引入到我国的刑法体系之中,并能从整体上完善我国的犯罪论体系,更为我国的刑事立法和司法等方面带来巨大的推进作用；对期待可能性理论进行综述,包括该理论的概念、来源以及理论根基,可以加深对该理论的充分理解,并为该理论之后在我国的具体适用做准备和铺垫。由于不同学者对该理论存在不同的定义方法,对该理论概念上的争议也在所难免。自1897年德国“癖马案”引发期待可能性理论之后,经过德国众多学者的努力,使得期待可能性的理论最终得到大陆法系刑法理论界的普遍认可；要想使得期待可能性理论在我国得以明确适用,还需了解该理论在我国适用所具备的必要性及可行性条件。从目前我国的立法情况以及该理论与我国刑法基本原则和预防目的等方面相适应能有效的说明我国为何能够引入该理论,这样一来我国刑法有关出罪的机制便可得以完善,并能够运用期待可能性理论来有效处理法律与情理之间的各种冲突；而要想很好的将期待可能性理论纳入到我国刑法理论体系当中,就必须弄清其在哪些领域内得以适用,也即说明该理论在我国具体适用的范围问题。它是适用于过失犯罪还是故意犯罪?它究竟属于实体法还是超法规的规定?这些都是我们应当理清的重要问题。期待可能性如果在我国得以有效运用,笔者认为定会给我国刑法理论界带来广泛而又深远的实际影响。从分析期待可能性理论对我国刑法体系产生的影响可以清楚的看出该理论对我国刑法体系的完善作用,再通过具体分析该理论在我国刑事立法和司法等领域的指导作用,能够进一步说明其促进我国刑法理论体系得以发展完善的重要性。
[Abstract]:The theory of expected possibility originated from Germany at the end of the nineteenth century. After more than a century of continuous dissemination and development, it has gradually brought great influence to the field of criminal law theory and judicial practice of our country. Although the term "expectation possibility" has not been explicitly adopted in Chinese criminal law, its ideological connotation is often reflected in the general and special provisions of criminal law. The development of expectation possibility has its profound philosophical, legal and ethical foundation, and its position in the crime theory of our country is also more important. Therefore, in order to improve the theoretical system of criminal law and improve the theory and practice of crime in China, we must further explore and study the possibility of expectation. Because our country is in the social transition period, the social contradiction is increasing day by day, how to deal with the conflict between the law and the social reality effectively has become the urgent task of the theorists at present. On the basis of many domestic and foreign scholars' research results on this theory, combining the present criminal law practice of our country, we should clearly expect the possibility to be applied effectively in the criminal law system of our country. The scope of application includes the situation and the concrete application of He Ru in the practice of criminal law in our country, and then explores the corresponding way for our country's criminal law legislation theory and judicial practice to quote the possibility of expectation. The theoretical significance of the study of the possibility of expectation can be a good comprehensive and specific analysis of the theory, dig the deep theoretical foundation behind the theory, and introduce it into the criminal law system of our country. And it can improve the crime theory system of our country as a whole, and bring great promotion function to the criminal legislation and judicature of our country, including the concept, the source and the theoretical foundation of the theory. It can deepen the understanding of the theory and pave the way for its application in our country. Because different scholars have different definitions of the theory, it is inevitable to dispute the concept of the theory. Since 1897, Germany's "fetish horse case" triggered the theory of the possibility of expectation, through the efforts of many German scholars, the theory of the possibility of expectation has finally been generally accepted by the civil law criminal law theorists. It is necessary to understand the necessity and feasibility of the application of the expected possibility theory in our country if we want to make it applicable in our country. From the current legislation situation of our country and the adaptation of the theory with the basic principles and the purpose of prevention of criminal law of our country, it can effectively explain why our country can introduce this theory, so that the mechanism of crime in criminal law of our country can be consummated. And can use the theory of expectation possibility to deal with all kinds of conflicts between law and reason effectively, and if we want to bring the theory of expectation possibility into the theoretical system of criminal law of our country, we must find out in which fields it can be applied. That is to say, the scope of application of the theory in China. Does it apply to negligent crime or intentional crime? Does it belong to substantive law or superregulation? These are important issues that we should sort out. If the possibility of expectation can be used effectively in our country, the author thinks that it will bring extensive and far-reaching practical influence to the theoretical circle of criminal law of our country. From the analysis of the influence of the theory of expected possibility on the criminal law system of our country, we can clearly see that the theory has a perfect effect on the criminal law system of our country, and then through the concrete analysis of the guiding role of the theory in the field of criminal legislation and judicature of our country. It can further explain the importance of promoting the development and perfection of our country's criminal law theory system.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D924.1

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