合同诈骗罪“非法占有目的”之探究

发布时间：2018-08-14 11:24

【摘要】：“非法占有目的”是认定合同诈骗案件中行为人是否构成合同诈骗罪的重要构成要件之一,但是,我国现行的法律并没有明确规定合同诈骗罪“非法占有目的”的具体内涵,理论界和司法实务界对“非法占有目的”内涵的理解持不同的观点,此外,学界很少具体研究和讨论合同诈骗罪语境下的“非法占有目的”,所以,本文重点探究以下问题:一是对合同诈骗罪“非法占有目的”具体内涵的理解。在现有关于“非法占有目的”内涵的学说指导下,立足于合同诈骗罪本身所具有的特征来界定其具体内涵;二是合同诈骗罪“非法占有目的”的具体认定。建议运用刑事推定方法,遵循推定的基本规则,按照正确的认定步骤和顺序分析主观目的的基础事实要素,准确认定合同诈骗案件中行为人“非法占有目的”的有无。明确合同诈骗罪“非法占有目的”的具体内涵,解决“非法占有目的”司法认定中的问题,对合同诈骗案件的正确处理具有重要的指导意义。本文主要分为五个部分:第一部分是问题的提出。在当前合同诈骗案件中,证明案件中行为人主观上是否具有“非法占有目的”所面临的现实困境,包括具体内涵界定问题,当前学界对其内涵的理解不统一,对规定在个罪中的“非法占有目的”具体内涵更是少有研究,由此带来的是司法实践中“非法占有目的”的具体认定的困境,对存在的问题进行梳理,说明此文研究的意义和目的所在。第二部分是对合同诈骗罪“非法占有目的”具体内涵的探析和界定。首先通过比较研究法,梳理和评析国内外刑法对“非法占有目的”的理解,对存在的争议与问题,笔者总结为两个核心问题:时间上,“占有”是否局限于永久性?具体到合同诈骗罪,实践中“骗用”型合同诈骗行为的归罪问题,行为定性颇具争议;权能上,“非法占有目的”是仅限于单纯的控制支配,还是包括利用处分抑或获利的内容?合同诈骗罪“非法占有目的”的内涵,在借鉴当前关于“非法占有目的”各种学说观点前提下,更要结合合同诈骗罪侵犯的客体特征、合同交易本身所具有的特点以及合同交易的客观实际来予以具体界定,作为行为人的一种主观意图,应该体现出行为人的心理态度,可以理解为:行为人希望无对价或者无基本对价地骗取他人财物,使得他人财物处于事实上被剥夺或者具有被剥夺的的现实危险状态,并将他人财物视作自己的财物进行利用、处分的心理。第三部分分析了“非法占有目的”在犯罪构成要件中的地位问题。“非法占有目的”既是合同诈骗罪主观的构成要件要素,是合同诈骗罪必不可少的构成要件要素,又是一种主观的违法要素,可以成为违法性的判断对象。对于理论上颇具争议的“非法占有目的”与犯罪故意的关系问题,笔者认为,“非法占有目的”是包含于故意内容之中,而非独立于故意之外。对于“非法占有目的”与条文中五种行为的关系问题,存在不可反驳的推定说、推定说、推论说,笔者赞同推论说,五种法定的客观行为只是证明行为人具有“非法占有目的”的客观要素,而不是唯一的、充分的条件。第四部分阐述了“非法占有目的”司法认定的现状与不足。关于“非法占有目的”具体证明路径的争议,运用司法推定推定主观目的本身存在的不足,以及当前关于合同诈骗罪“非法占有目的”认定标准的弊端。目前大部分学者都主张“综合分析说”即综合案件的基础事实要素,全面分析认定,除了依据刑法规定的合同诈骗罪的客观行为方式,我们必须结合除了行为以外的其他客观因素来确定“非法占有目的”,包括行为人履行合同的能力,对被害人财物的处置状况和合同履行状况等因素,综合衡量行为人未能履行合同的原因,但是,如何具体的综合分析认定,学界很少分析,没有提出具体的方法或步骤来推定“非法占有目的”的有无。第五部分针对对合同诈骗罪“非法占有目的”司法认定的现状提出完善建议。论述了运用司法推定的证明路径的理论根据,在运用司法推定时,必须构建和遵循一定的规则或准则,指导司法推定过程,同时,提出了具体的认定方法,综合考虑案件中对“非法占有目的”具有表征作用的各种基础事实,采取正确的认定步骤,来认定属于行为人心理层面的“非法占有目的”,以期对司法实践具有积极的指导作用。
[Abstract]:The purpose of illegal possession is one of the important elements to determine whether the actor in the contract fraud case constitutes the crime of contract fraud. However, the current law of our country does not specify the specific connotation of the purpose of illegal possession in the crime of contract fraud. In addition, the academic circles seldom study and discuss the "purpose of illegal possession" in the context of the crime of contract fraud. Therefore, this paper focuses on the following issues: First, the understanding of the specific connotation of the "purpose of illegal possession" of the crime of contract fraud. It is suggested to use the method of criminal presumption, follow the basic rules of presumption, analyze the basic factual elements of subjective purpose according to the correct determination steps and sequence, and accurately determine the "illegal possession" of the actor in the contract fraud case. It is of great significance to clarify the concrete connotation of the "purpose of illegal possession" in the crime of contract fraud and to solve the problems in the judicial cognizance of the "purpose of illegal possession" in dealing with the cases of contract fraud correctly. It is difficult to prove whether the perpetrator has the objective of illegal possession subjectively in the case, including the problem of defining the specific connotation, the current academic understanding of its connotation is not uniform, and the specific connotation of the purpose of illegal possession stipulated in the individual crime is seldom studied, which brings about the objective of illegal possession in judicial practice. The second part is to explore and define the specific connotation of the crime of contract fraud "purpose of illegal possession". Firstly, through the comparative study law, combing and evaluating the understanding of domestic and foreign criminal law to "purpose of illegal possession" and existence. The author summarizes the controversy and issues as two core issues: time, "possession" is confined to permanent? Specifically to the crime of contract fraud, in practice, "fraud" type of contract fraud attribution, the nature of the act is quite controversial; power and function, "illegal possession purpose" is limited to simple control, or includes the use of place. On the premise of drawing lessons from various theories and viewpoints about the purpose of illegal possession, the connotation of the crime of contract fraud should be defined concretely according to the characteristics of the object of the crime of contract fraud, the characteristics of the contract transaction itself and the objective reality of the contract transaction. A subjective intention of a person should reflect the psychological attitude of the actor, which can be understood as: the actor wishes to defraud others'property without consideration or basic consideration, so that others' property is in fact deprived or has the actual danger of being deprived, and regards others'property as his own property for use and disposal. The third part analyzes the status of the purpose of illegal possession in the constitution of the crime. The purpose of illegal possession is not only the subjective constituent element of the crime of contract fraud, but also the essential constituent element of the crime of contract fraud. On the controversial issue of the relationship between the purpose of illegal possession and criminal intent, the author holds that the purpose of illegal possession is contained in the intentional content, not independent of intent. The fourth part expounds the present situation and shortcomings of the judicial cognizance of the purpose of illegal possession. At present, most scholars advocate that "comprehensive analysis theory" is the basic factual elements of comprehensive cases, and make a comprehensive analysis and determination, except for the objective behavior of contract fraud according to the criminal law. It is necessary to combine other objective factors besides behavior to determine the purpose of illegal possession, including the ability of the actor to perform the contract, the disposal of the victim's property and the performance of the contract. The fifth part puts forward some suggestions to perfect the judicial cognizance of the "purpose of illegal possession" of the crime of contract fraud. It discusses the theoretical basis of using judicial presumption to prove the path, and it is necessary to construct and follow certain rules or criteria when using judicial presumption. At the same time, it puts forward specific methods to determine the purpose of illegal possession. It considers all kinds of basic facts which can represent the purpose of illegal possession comprehensively and takes correct steps to identify the purpose of illegal possession which belongs to the psychological level of the perpetrator.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D924.3

【引证文献】