我国刑法中“利用职务上的便利”之三阶段司法判断范式

发布时间：2018-09-19 11:14

【摘要】：在刑法典中存在以“利用职务上的便利”为要素的类型犯罪。对于这一要素如何理解以及判断问题在理论中有大量的研究,但是大多数的研究都是对某一具体类型的犯罪中的“利用职务上的便利”的判断,而很少从宏观的角度对该要素作一般性的判断。因此笔者从宏观的角度分析“利用职务上的便利”要素,希望在理论和实践中能够对该要素有一个宏观的整体认识。本文基本结构的第一部分是三个案例引出论文的讨论的问题,我国刑法中的“利用职务上的便利”概念应当如何解读,在司法实践中应当符合规范的判断,在出现判断的歧义之时应当如何统一进路,这个统一的进路应当是如何的。第二部分笔者分析认为具有身份和现实性职务两个条件。也就是说行为人在不具有相应的身份和职务的时候,那么就不可能具有该要件可能性。笔者认为两个条件之间属于递进式的关系,在前一条件不成立的前提下,下面的条件就没有存在的可能性。笔者以这样之逻辑分析了该要件的判断需要客观存在的两个前提性条件。在具备相关的前提条件的基础上对“利用职务上的便利”涉案的对象作了分析判断。笔者认为因为涉案的对象的不同,则行为主体的“职务上的便利”的判断也会不同,在明确判断了案件中的涉案对象后,进一步的明确行为人的“职务上的便利”,从而进一步的判断行为人的行为与“利用职务上的便利”的因果关系。笔者以犯罪的特征和该要件的特征将含有该要素类型犯罪分为贪污类型犯罪、贿赂类型犯罪和其它类型犯罪,在此基础上对相关类型犯罪进行具体的分析判断。笔者基本的得出该要素的判断应分三阶段判断。第三部分是用图示的方式展示了“利用职务上的便利”要素的判断范式,明晰的展示出本文的结论—“利用职务上的便利”之三阶段司法判断范式,前提条件之判断;涉案对象之判断;因果关系之判断。笔者认为第一阶段是最基础的判断,行为人之身份与职务;第二阶段之判断,涉案对象之判断,笔者认为这一阶段的判断是具体的判断案件中涉及的对象是公共事务还是公共财产,公共事务或者公共财产具体的存在形态、数量等的判断;第三阶段是“利用职务上的便利”因果关系之判断。笔者认为三阶段司法判断范式符合一般人的思维进路,具有司法实践性。第四部分从个罪入手验证本文得出的基本范式。根据一般的研究方法会从个罪入手总结,最终得出这一司法判断范式,但是本文正好反过来,从基本范式入手,最终落到个罪。对于这样的行文路径,笔者的基本的思路是:笔者最初本不是从个罪中得出的这一三阶段司法判断范式,而是从宏观的角度在对刑法文本和相关的官方解释的基础上得出的这一基本的司法判断范式,只具有一定的宏观理论性。为了论证这一司法判断范式的实践性,笔者在本部分引入具体的个罪对这一范式加以应用,论证本文结论的可行性。最后是结论,在结论部分总结本文的论点,并提到自己在解决本文的问题中遇到的新困惑以及自己的一些的不成熟的想法。本文的问题的解决基本上是以问题的提出,设计相关的案例,写出问题的结论,解决问题路径思维的方式。本文的相关结论的论证的依据是在刑法文本和相关的有权解释的基础上作出的演绎性推理。
[Abstract]:There are many studies on how to understand and judge this element in the criminal code, but most of them are judgments on the "use of the convenience of duty" in a specific type of crime, but seldom from a macroscopic point of view. Therefore, the author analyzes the element of "taking advantage of the convenience of duty" from a macroscopic point of view, hoping to have a macroscopic overall understanding of the element in theory and practice. How to interpret the concept of "benefit", how to conform to the normative judgment in judicial practice, and how to unify the approach when judgment is ambiguous? The second part of the author thinks that there are two conditions of identity and realistic position. In my opinion, the relationship between the two conditions is a progressive one, and the following conditions are impossible to exist if the preceding one is not tenable. On the basis of the preconditions, the author makes an analysis and judgment on the object involved in the case of "taking advantage of the convenience of duty". The author divides the crime containing this element into corruption type crime, bribery type crime and other types of crime according to the characteristics of the crime and the characteristics of this element. On this basis, the author makes a concrete analysis and judgment on the related types of crime. The third part demonstrates the judgment paradigm of "taking advantage of the convenience of duty" in a graphical way, and clearly shows the conclusion of this article - "taking advantage of the convenience of duty" three-stage judicial judgment paradigm, the judgment of preconditions; and the judgment of the object involved in the case. I think the first stage is the most basic judgment, the actor's identity and position; the second stage of judgment, the judgment of the object involved in the case, the author believes that this stage of judgment is a concrete judgment of the object involved in the case is public affairs or public property, public affairs or the specific existence of public property. In my opinion, the three-stage judicial judgment paradigm conforms to the thinking path of ordinary people and is of judicial practicality. The fourth part verifies the basic paradigm from the point of individual crime. The author's basic thinking is that the author originally did not derive this three-stage judicial judgment paradigm from a crime, but from a macroscopic point of view in the criminal law text and related official solutions. In order to prove the practicality of this judicial judgment paradigm, the author introduces a specific crime to apply this paradigm and demonstrates the feasibility of the conclusion of this paper. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the arguments of this paper in the conclusion part, and puts forward some suggestions. In this paper, the solution of the problem is basically to put forward the problem, design the relevant cases, write the conclusion of the problem, and solve the problem by way of thinking. Deductive reasoning based on the power to interpret.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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