刑事政策场域中的犯罪被害人研究
发布时间：2018-10-31 17:31
【摘要】：布迪厄的场域范式为刑事政策分析提供了一个全新的视角和方法。场域范式下的刑事政策是国家在合理组织对犯罪的反应中建构的,以犯罪人、犯罪被害人和司法机关等行动主体之间的互动为内容,以刑事权力竞争和争夺为灵魂的客观关系网络和空间。刑事政策场域的基本因素包括：在掌握刑事权力的行动者或机构与其他行动者之间发生的支配型关系；由事实和法律层面对立形成的对立型关系；由司法机关内部之间、司法机关和社会力量之间为抗制犯罪被害人保护开展的协作型关系；这些关系的互动和交织既赋予刑事政策场域生命力,又决定了刑事政策场域的紧张状态。由此,犯罪被害人作为刑事政策场域中的行动者,既受刑事权力的主导和制约,又以自身的行为积极接近和影响刑事权力,是刑事政策场域运作中事实建构的行动者。作为行动者的被害人,在刑事政策场域中为接近和影响刑事权力的运行,基于合法化或合理化逻辑而采取问题化、资本争夺等行为策略。犯罪被害人的行动策略及其实践逻辑提醒我们：行动者的策略不是理性建构的产物,不是纯粹的感性冲动,而是一种经验和可以理解的实践逻辑。由此,刑事政策场域在应然意义上蕴含着犯罪被害人、司法机关、犯罪人等以行动者主体为标志的不同策略活动的系统、复杂活动,从而在刑事政策体系中提倡一种犯罪被害人刑事政策。从逻辑范围和内容上看,犯罪被害人刑事政策有别于犯罪抗制为单一主旨的传统刑事政策,不以犯罪被害人国家补偿为唯一追求,也不仅仅在于提升犯罪被害人的权利数量和质量,更与恢复性司法在被害人关注阶段和运行机制上存在着差异。犯罪被害人刑事政策旨在建构体现“行动者-场域”互动的关系型刑事政策生成模式,凸显刑事政策上“垂直维度”向“水平维度”的转换的动力机制；法哲学根基在于有效回应刑事政策动态开放的逻辑内在性要求,又为刑事政策的合法性提供了权力之外的外部力量来源；根本目的是藉由这一行动策略及其结构化进程,实现犯罪被害人(更多是潜在的被害人)对现有的刑事权力运行的“系统信任”。被害情绪和情感是两种不同层次的情感现象,不能不加区分的贴上“非理性”标签。被害情感是一种复合、多元的情感系统,以愤恨、抚慰和宽恕为代表的被害情感的相互交织、互动,共同促成了刑事政策场域中被害人的行为选择,也揭示了其行动策略。由此,刑事政策场域中的被害情感在广为诟病的非理性和情绪化标签之外,不仅仅是被害人的个体主观认识和刺激反应,更是一种值得重视的社会现象和人际关系,后者一定程度上奠定了刑事政策的合法性基础。借助被害人教义学的辅助性和自我答责原则,可以从事实和法律两个层面限制被害情感非理性的成分,为被害人刑事政策提供价值基点。在刑事政策场域中检视和观察被害人存在样态、行动策略及其背后的情感基础和逻辑,一方面,旨在跳出“纯粹的法律评价的范围”,对传统刑事政策忽视的被害人根基性命题进行“揭示”和剖析,完成犯罪被害人刑事政策的法理学论证和阐述；另一方面,更要回归“刑法规范”的评价视野,在刑法教义学的框架内探求被害人影响刑事立法、司法和行刑政策的制度性进路和规范化限制,它包括了类型化和一体化的两个进路。前者要求对被害人的人身特征和行为特征做类型化的区分,为法律适用摆脱偶然和专断提供基础；后者包括：在被害人影响入罪规范上,要坚持法益保护原则、刑法的最后保障原则和刑罚的有效性原则；在被害人参与刑事司法规范上,要注意开源和节流的相互协调,既要增加法律公共产品的制度供给,又要逐步实现被害人参与渠道和方式的规范化；在被害人认同行刑规范上,要注意程序正当和主体参与的一致性,才能实现行刑的有效性。
[Abstract]:Budieu's field paradigm provides a brand-new perspective and method for the analysis of criminal policy. The criminal policy under the field paradigm is the objective relation network and space that the state constructs in the response of the reasonable organization to the crime, takes the interaction between the criminal, the crime victim and the judicial organ as the content, competes and struggles for the soul with the criminal power. The basic elements of the criminal policy field domain include the dominant relationship between the actors or institutions that master criminal powers and the other actors; the opposite type formed by the confrontation between the facts and the legal dimensions; between the internal organs of the judiciary, The cooperative relationship between the judiciary and the social forces is the protection of victim protection. The interaction and interweave of these relationships give both the vitality of the criminal policy field and the limitation of the field of the criminal policy field. Thus, as the actors in the field of criminal policy field, the victim of crime is both the leading and restricting of criminal power and the active approach and influence of criminal power by its own behavior, which is the actor of the fact construction in the operation of criminal policy field. As the victim of the actor, in the field of criminal policy field, to approach and influence the operation of criminal power, the behavioral strategies such as issue and capital competition are taken on the basis of legalization or rationalization logic. The action strategy of the crime victim and its practical logic remind us that the actor's strategy is not the product of rational construction, not pure emotional impulse, but an experience and understandable practical logic. Therefore, the criminal policy field domain contains the systematic and complex activities of crime victims, judicial organs, criminals and so on, which are based on the main body of the actor, so as to promote the criminal policy of crime victim in the criminal policy system. From the logical scope and content, the crime victim's criminal policy is different from the traditional criminal policy of crime anti-system as a single theme, not only in the crime victim country compensation as the sole pursuit, but also not only the right quantity and quality of the crime victim, Compared with restorative justice, there is a difference between the stage of the victim's attention and the operating mechanism. The criminal policy of the crime victim aims at constructing the model of the relation type criminal policy reflecting the 鈥渁ctor-field domain鈥，
本文编号：2303039
[Abstract]:Budieu's field paradigm provides a brand-new perspective and method for the analysis of criminal policy. The criminal policy under the field paradigm is the objective relation network and space that the state constructs in the response of the reasonable organization to the crime, takes the interaction between the criminal, the crime victim and the judicial organ as the content, competes and struggles for the soul with the criminal power. The basic elements of the criminal policy field domain include the dominant relationship between the actors or institutions that master criminal powers and the other actors; the opposite type formed by the confrontation between the facts and the legal dimensions; between the internal organs of the judiciary, The cooperative relationship between the judiciary and the social forces is the protection of victim protection. The interaction and interweave of these relationships give both the vitality of the criminal policy field and the limitation of the field of the criminal policy field. Thus, as the actors in the field of criminal policy field, the victim of crime is both the leading and restricting of criminal power and the active approach and influence of criminal power by its own behavior, which is the actor of the fact construction in the operation of criminal policy field. As the victim of the actor, in the field of criminal policy field, to approach and influence the operation of criminal power, the behavioral strategies such as issue and capital competition are taken on the basis of legalization or rationalization logic. The action strategy of the crime victim and its practical logic remind us that the actor's strategy is not the product of rational construction, not pure emotional impulse, but an experience and understandable practical logic. Therefore, the criminal policy field domain contains the systematic and complex activities of crime victims, judicial organs, criminals and so on, which are based on the main body of the actor, so as to promote the criminal policy of crime victim in the criminal policy system. From the logical scope and content, the crime victim's criminal policy is different from the traditional criminal policy of crime anti-system as a single theme, not only in the crime victim country compensation as the sole pursuit, but also not only the right quantity and quality of the crime victim, Compared with restorative justice, there is a difference between the stage of the victim's attention and the operating mechanism. The criminal policy of the crime victim aims at constructing the model of the relation type criminal policy reflecting the 鈥渁ctor-field domain鈥，
本文编号：2303039
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