刑法拟制规定研究

发布时间：2018-12-27 16:37

【摘要】：出于特别保护刑法某个法益等目的，刑法立法有必要做出一些拟制性的特别规定，然而，对于那些情形下需要设立刑法拟制规定以及刑法拟制规定的设立究竟应当受到那些原则的制约，理论界对此却缺乏系统的研究。同时，对于我国现行刑法中所设定的大量拟制规定，是否都具有合理性，也需要我们理性的加以分析。正确的认识刑法拟制规定的规制基础、理清刑法拟制规定的规制条件是保障刑法立法具有合理性的前提，对刑法拟制规定在司法上的适用也具有重要的指导作用，否则，不仅达不到设立刑法拟制规定的目的，而且还可能损害刑法的基本原理、基本精神。梳理刑法拟制规定的基本问题，挖掘出刑法拟制规定背后的规制基础及规制原则，并以此为根据分析我国现有刑法拟制规定立法和司法适用中的不足，从而提出相应的完善策略，对法律拟制制度今后在我国刑法中的规范化运用具有重要意义。本文由以下五个部分组成：第一部分，刑法拟制规定的基本问题。这部分主要是对刑法拟制规定的概念和现有条文的梳理。首先对目前理论上关于法律拟制的概念进行综合比较分析，对刑法中拟制规定的概念做出较为合理的界定，并分析它的特征；其次通过将刑法中的拟制规定与注意规定、特别规定、法律类推等相关概念进行对比，明确概念之间的区别；最后对现行刑法中拟制规定加以梳理，并做出归类总结。第二部分，刑法拟制规定的规制基础。这部分主要是在理论上探究刑法拟制规定的规制基础。其一，从法学的角度进行分析，刑法拟制规定的设定是保障刑法的实质公正，，贯彻刑法基本原则，实现刑法双重机能的需要。其二，从哲学的角度进行分析，刑法拟制规定是哲学上形式与实质辩证关系原理和一般与个别辩证关系原理的具体应用，同时刑法拟制规定的设置也应当受其指导。第三部分，刑法拟制规定的规制原则。这部分主要是具体分析刑法拟制规定的规制原则，以保证刑法拟制规定的设定不偏离其基本的价值定位。其一，从形式上考虑，刑法拟制规定的设置需要符合制定主体唯一性原则；其二，从实质上考虑，刑法拟制规定的设置需要符合法益侵犯相当性原则、拟制无害性原则和、拟制谦抑性原则和条款设置明确性原则。第四部分，现有刑法拟制规定的不足。这部分主要是以上面的理论分析为基础考察现有刑法拟制规定在立法和司法适用上的不足。就立法方面而言，主要表现为违背制定主体唯一性原则、背离拟制相当性原则、忽视刑法的人权保障机能、违背刑法的谦抑性和不符合条款设置明确性原则；就司法方面而言，主要体现为司法适用不统一。第五部分，刑法拟制规定的完善策略。这部分主要是针对前面所总结出的立法和司法上的不足，具体提出刑法拟制规定的完善策略。司法完善主要是加强对刑法拟制规定的法律解释；立法完善主要包括对刑法拟制规定条文表达方面和具体内容方面的改进。
[Abstract]:In ord to protect that benefit of the criminal law, the legislation of the criminal law is necessary to make certain special provisions, however, the establishment of the criminal law and the establishment of the criminal law should be subject to the principle, There is a lack of systematic research in this field. At the same time, it is also necessary for our rational analysis to be reasonable and reasonable in the current criminal law of our country. In order to ensure the rationality of the legislation of the criminal law, it is also an important guide to the application of the criminal law in the administration of justice, otherwise, It is not only for the purpose of establishing the criminal law, but also the basic principle and the basic spirit of the criminal law. In this paper, the basic problems of the legal system of the criminal law are to be sorted out, the regulation foundation and the regulation principle behind the criminal law are excavated, and the corresponding perfect strategies are put forward based on the analysis of the deficiencies in the legislation and the application of the judicial application in the existing criminal law of our country. It is of great significance to apply the legal system to the standardization of our country's criminal law in the future. This article consists of five parts: The first part, the basic question of the legal system of the criminal law This part is mainly about the concept of the criminal law and the comb of the existing provisions. In the first part, the author makes a comprehensive comparison and analysis of the concept of the legal quasi-system in the current theory, and makes a more reasonable definition of the concept of the criminal law in the criminal law, and analyses its characteristics. The definition and the analogy of the law are compared, and the difference between the concepts is defined; finally, the provisions in the current criminal law are sorted out, and the general classification is made. a rule that is prescribed in the second part of the criminal law. This part is based on the theoretical exploration of the rules of the criminal law. First, from the angle of law, the setting of the criminal law is to guarantee the substantive justice of the criminal law, to carry out the basic principles of the criminal law and to realize the dual function of the criminal law Second, from the angle of philosophy, the legal system of the criminal law is the principle of the dialectical relationship between the form of the philosophy and the substance of the substance and the specific application of the principle of the individual dialectical relations, and the setting of the criminal law's legal system should also be affected. The third part, the provisions of the criminal law. The main part of this part is to make a concrete analysis of the regulation principle of the criminal law, so as to ensure that the setting of the criminal law is not deviated from its basic principle. First, from the form of the form, the establishment of the criminal law's proposed system needs to be in accordance with the principle of the creation of the main body. The principle of harm and the setting up of the principle and the clause of the system A clear principle. Part IV, existing criminal law This part is based on the above-mentioned theoretical analysis, which is based on the above-mentioned theoretical analysis, which is based on the legislation and the division of the existing criminal law. As far as the legislation is concerned, the main performance of the law is to violate the principle of the uniqueness of the main body, to deviate from the principle of the quasi-system, to ignore the human rights protection function of the criminal law, to violate the human rights protection function of the criminal law and to set the clear principle of the non-conformity of the provisions; in the case of the administration of justice, it is mainly embodied as follows: Non-uniform administration of justice. Part V, Penal Code This part is based on the legislative and judicial deficiencies that have been summarized in the foregoing, and put forward the criminal law in detail. The perfection of the proposed system is to strengthen the legal interpretation of the criminal law, and the perfection of the legislation mainly includes the expression of the provisions of the criminal law.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D914

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