非法集资犯罪中的被害人认定——兼论刑法对金融投机者的保护界限

发布时间：2018-12-27 21:07

【摘要】：非法集资参与人被害性的判断,应通过刑法规范层面的法益保护内涵解读,同时结合集资参与行为的具体形态,构建主客观相统一的评判标准。对非法吸收公众存款罪案件中的主动参与人,应尊重其意思自治并结合金融领域特有的投机规则,不宜作为刑事被害人认定;对非法吸收公众存款罪案件中的被动参与人以及集资诈骗罪案件中的参与人,存在钱款交付被欺骗情形的,应作为刑事被害人认定。当主动集资参与人借款利率超过民事法律规定的合法范围时,本质上属于高利放贷行为,通过是否以高利放贷为业,可区分为普通民间高利借贷与职业高利放贷两种行为,前者由民事法律调整与规制,而后者应作为高利贷相关犯罪予以打击。为改变我国当前非法集资犯罪规制不力的局面,从对合犯角度考虑,应同时处罚具有职业高利放贷属性的集资参与人与非法集资人。从刑法的功能定位而言,刑法不应作为金融投机者的担保人,风险自担是金融交往的应有之义。
[Abstract]:The judgment of the victimization of illegal fund-raising participants should be interpreted through the connotation of legal interest protection at the level of criminal law norms, and at the same time, the unified subjective and objective criteria should be constructed in combination with the specific forms of fund-raising participation. For the active participants in the case of illegal absorption of public deposits, they should respect the autonomy of their will and combine with the special speculative rules in the financial field, and should not be recognized as criminal victims; The passive participant in the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits and the participant in the case of the crime of collecting funds for fraud shall be regarded as the criminal victim if there is a case of money delivered to be deceived. When the interest rate of active fund-raising participants exceeds the legal scope stipulated by civil law, it is essentially a high-interest lending act. By whether or not to take high-interest lending as an industry, it can be divided into two types: ordinary folk high-interest lending and professional high-interest lending. The former is regulated and regulated by civil law, while the latter should be dealt with as a crime of usury. In order to change the situation of weak regulation of illegal fund-raising crime in our country, considering from the angle of adversarial offense, we should punish both the participants who have the attribute of high professional interest lending and the illegal fund raisers at the same time. As far as the function of criminal law is concerned, criminal law should not be the guarantor of financial speculators.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院法学研究所;
【基金】：2017年北京市法学会课题项目“总体国家安全观视野下经济安全维护与金融犯罪规制研究”[项目编号:BLS(2017)C008] 2016年江苏省社会科学基金项目“我国‘犯罪人—被害人—国家’三元范式犯罪论体系转向”(项目编号:16FXD004)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D924.3

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