从危险概念看不能犯的判断

发布时间：2019-01-05 06:34

【摘要】：不能犯是指因欠缺行为的危险而不具有可罚性的未遂行为,因此如何认识和把握危险概念是不能犯判断的核心问题。德国《刑法》第23条第3款的规定是导致其理论上以印象说作为未遂犯处罚根据的通行观点,亦是实务中对不能犯未遂的可罚性持肯定态度的主要原因,但客观未遂论取代印象理论已成为德国未遂犯理论发展的主要趋势。危险的本质是结果发生的客观盖然性,危险的判断涉及的是结果发生的盖然性而非确定性,客观危险理论为危险的事后判断立场提供了方法论上的支持。具体危险说在危险判断上契合了二元不法论的理论诉求,但在危险判断的具体规则上存在重大缺陷。对具体危险的判断应当从更为客观的角度加以限定。具体危险即抽象危险的现实化,对具体危险的判断,主要就是从一般人的角度对抽象危险现实化的条件是否可能存在而展开的评价性判断。具体危险的判断应当限定为着手以后的阶段,而不包括预备阶段。
[Abstract]:Failure to commit is an attempt that is not punishable because of the danger of lack of behavior, so how to understand and grasp the concept of risk is the core problem of judgment of impossibility. The provision of article 23, paragraph 3, of the German Criminal Code is the prevailing view leading to its theoretical impression that it is the basis for punishment for attempted offences, and is also the main reason for its positive attitude towards the penability of attempted crime in practice. But the theory of objective attempt to replace impression theory has become the main trend of the development of German attempted crime theory. The essence of danger is the objective probability of the occurrence of the result, and the judgment of danger involves the inevitability of the occurrence of the result rather than the certainty. The theory of objective danger provides methodological support for the post judgment position of the danger. The theory of concrete danger agrees with the theory of dualistic illegality in the judgment of danger, but it has great defects in the concrete rules of dangerous judgment. The judgment of specific danger should be limited from a more objective angle. The concrete danger is the reality of abstract danger, and the judgment of concrete danger is mainly an evaluation judgment from the point of view of general people on whether the condition of abstract danger realisation is possible or not. The judgment of the specific hazard should be limited to a later stage, not the preparatory stage.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学;
【分类号】：D951.6;DD914

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