我国环境法庭设置研究

发布时间：2018-02-08 20:13

本文关键词： 环境法庭环境纠纷环境诉讼　出处：《山西财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：工业革命、科学技术，促进城市的发展，带来便利生活的同时，也让我们承受环境污染、生态破坏、资源浪费的痛苦。早在20世纪70年代后期，环境保护运动方兴未艾，国际上多个国家都陆续开展了环境司法专门化的转变，转变趋势不知不觉在世界范围内铺展开来，比如美国、澳大利亚、瑞典等，都纷纷建立审判机构专司环境案件。1979年我国出台《环境保护法》（试行），，它标志着我国环保逐步朝着法治化方向进步，这在环境法的建设和环保事业中具有里程碑式的意义。近几年来，我国在设立环境纠纷专门审判组织上都积极探索并进行实践，目的是为及时有效地解决因环境问题引发的社会矛盾和纠纷。与普通的民事、刑事、行政案件不同的是，因环境诉讼案件具有专业性、公正性和权威性等自身不足的特点，故而需要建立专门的司法处理程序用于环境诉讼案件。为了与现有的环境诉讼处理模式相融合，提升环境诉讼的处理效率，完善环境诉讼的司法救济体系，我国于2007年建立了中国历史上第一批真正意义上的环境法庭，即设立的贵阳市中级人民法院和清镇市人民法院的环境保护法庭。到目前为止，全国相继设立了180个环境法庭，这些环境法庭在处理环境案件中发挥了独特的优势。但是环境诉讼案件的解决机制经常受到自身缺陷的制约，以及在处理过程中体现出的专业性、公正性和权威性不足的弱点，因此，在针对不同的问题时需要建立不同性质的处理程序，即建立专业的环境法庭成为环境诉讼法律建设的必然要求，这就要求环境审判机构专业化要建立专门的环境审判机构和独立完善的环境诉讼审判制度两个方面的内容。本文通过对比分析国内外环境法庭的设置情况，阐述我国设置环境法庭的必要性和遇到的困境。基于环境法庭对我国产生积极作用的充分肯定，提出完善环境法庭审判制度的积极构想，包括构建合理的审判程序、完善配套的法律制度、确立明确的受案范围、认定原告的主体资格、完善科学的裁判规则等。在此基础上跟进公众参与制度、专家证言采信制度、环保法律意见书提前介入制度、环境司法工作人员培训制度、环境诉讼制度以及环境案件回访制度等配套机制，以此保障我国环境法庭的建制。
[Abstract]:The industrial revolution, science and technology, promoting the development of the city, and bringing convenience to life, also made us suffer from environmental pollution, ecological destruction, and waste of resources. As early as the late 1970s, the environmental protection movement was in the ascendant. Many countries in the world have successively carried out changes in the specialization of environmental justice, and the trend has unknowingly spread around the world, such as the United States, Australia, Sweden, and so on. In 1979, China issued the Environmental Protection Law, which marks the progress of environmental protection in China towards the direction of rule by law, which has a landmark significance in the construction of environmental law and the cause of environmental protection. In recent years, our country has actively explored and carried out practice in setting up special adjudication organizations for environmental disputes, in order to solve social conflicts and disputes caused by environmental problems in a timely and effective manner, and to deal with ordinary civil and criminal matters. The difference in administrative cases is that environmental litigation cases are characterized by their lack of professionalism, impartiality and authority. Therefore, it is necessary to establish special judicial procedures for environmental litigation cases. In order to integrate with the existing environmental litigation processing mode, improve the efficiency of environmental litigation processing, improve the judicial relief system of environmental litigation, In 2007, China established the first real environmental courts in the history of China, namely, the Guiyang Intermediate people's Court and the Qingzhen Municipal people's Court's Environmental Protection Court. So far, 180 environmental courts have been set up in succession throughout the country. These environmental courts have played a unique role in dealing with environmental cases. However, the mechanisms for resolving environmental litigation cases are often constrained by their own shortcomings, as well as the weaknesses of professionalism, impartiality and lack of authority in the course of dealing with them, Therefore, when dealing with different issues, there is a need to establish procedures of a different nature, that is, the establishment of specialized environmental courts as a necessary requirement for the legal construction of environmental litigation, This requires the specialization of environmental justice institutions to establish a specialized environmental trial institution and an independent and perfect environmental litigation trial system. Based on the comparative analysis of the setting up of environmental courts at home and abroad, this paper expounds the necessity and difficulties of setting up environmental courts in China. Put forward the positive conception of perfecting the trial system of the environmental court, including constructing the reasonable trial procedure, perfecting the supporting legal system, establishing the clear scope of accepting the case, determining the subject qualification of the plaintiff, Improve scientific rules of adjudication, etc. On this basis, follow up the system of public participation, the system of expert testimony acceptance, the system of environmental protection legal opinions intervening in advance, the system of training environmental judicial personnel, The system of environmental litigation and the system of return visit to environmental cases are used to guarantee the establishment of environmental courts in our country.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.68

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