运动员权利保障机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 02:22

本文选题：运动员权利　切入点：保障机制　出处：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：运动员权利尚未成为一个法律概念,应对其进行概念上的学理界定。为了梳理运动员权利的主要学术观点、研究现状及特点,采用文献计量分析和文献内容分析相结合的方法,前者主要分析文献的分布情况、研究者的背景信息和期刊选择的偏好等,后者分析文献的结构和内容,用主观和客观相关联的方式进行研究。运动员权利是从“权利”到“特殊权利”具体深化的产物,是指运动员公平参与竞技体育的自由以及因参与竞技体育而获得的利益。从内容维度看,运动员权利不仅仅局限于运动员参与比赛的权利,还涵盖与竞技体育相联系的权利；从时间维度看,运动员权利贯彻运动员职业生涯的全部,既包括职业准入的权利,又包括职业退出后相关的权利；从实现维度看,运动员权利不是一个静态的概念,而是随着竞技体育发展而逐步演变,处于从应有权利向法律权利和实有权利升级和跃迁的过程之中。在公民权利和政治权利的分类框架下,运动员权利的内容为“不受强迫训练或参赛的自由”以及“参加工会的自由”；在经济、社会和文化权利的分类框架下,运动员权利的内容是“职业保障权”、“生命健康权”、“文化教育权”。运动员权利的价值在于能够满足运动员需要,有助于维系体育社会秩序、保证权利主体自由、实现人际关系正义；运动员权利的价值冲突产生于价值主体多元、价值形态多样、价值实现的时空差异；通过价值比较、排序和协商的方式进行价值整合。保障运动员权利须依靠软性机制和硬性机制。在软性机制层面,援助机制通过确定援助对象和提供援助项目,改变运动员经济贫困、知识贫困和权利贫困的状况；赋权机制通过内力发动和外力驱动的双重作用,为运动员增权赋能；激励机制根据不同运动员的需求,分别采用提供奖金奖励、增加参与机会、进行荣誉表彰等方式激励运动员。硬性机制是对软性机制的纠错和保障。规范机制中法律规范和体育规范相互补充相互制约,为运动员的正常训练和纠纷解决提供公平统一的规范；评价机制旨在建立一个关于运动员政治、经济、文化和社会权利的指标体系,反应运动员训练、比赛、教育、生活和保障的状态,评价运动员权利的实现情况；运动员通过私力救济、社会救济和公力救济的方式实现权利救济。
[Abstract]:Athletes' rights have not yet become a legal concept, and they should be defined conceptually. In order to sort out the main academic viewpoints, research status and characteristics of athletes' rights, this paper adopts the method of combining bibliometric analysis with literature content analysis. The former mainly analyzes the distribution of literature, the background information of researchers and the preference of journal selection, while the latter analyzes the structure and content of the literature and studies it in a subjective and objective manner. The rights of athletes are the product of specific deepening from "rights" to "special rights", which refers to the freedom of athletes to participate in competitive sports equitably and the benefits gained from participating in competitive sports. The rights of athletes are not limited to the rights of athletes to participate in competitions, but also to the rights associated with competitive sports. From the perspective of time dimension, the rights of athletes carry out the whole of their professional careers, including the right of professional access. From the realization dimension, the athlete's right is not a static concept, but evolves with the development of competitive sports. In the process of upgrading and transitioning from due rights to legal rights and real rights... within the framework of the classification of civil and political rights, The rights of athletes are "freedom from compulsory training or participation" and "freedom to join trade unions"; within the framework of the classification of economic, social and cultural rights, The content of athletes' rights is the right to occupational security, the right to life and health, and the right to culture and education. The value of athletes' rights lies in meeting the needs of athletes, helping to maintain the social order of sports, ensuring the freedom of the subject of rights, and realizing the justice of interpersonal relations. The value form is diverse, the value realization time and space difference, through the value comparison, the ranking and the negotiation way carries on the value conformity. In the soft mechanism level, the aid mechanism can change the condition of athletes' economic poverty, knowledge poverty and rights poverty by identifying the object of assistance and providing assistance projects. The empowerment mechanism empowers athletes through the dual function of internal force and external force drive. According to the needs of different athletes, the incentive mechanism adopts bonus incentives to increase the opportunities for participation. Honor recognition and other ways to motivate athletes. The rigid mechanism is the error correction and guarantee to the soft mechanism. In the normative mechanism, the legal norms and the sports norms complement each other and restrict each other, and provide fair and unified norms for the normal training and dispute resolution of athletes. The purpose of the evaluation mechanism is to establish an index system on the political, economic, cultural and social rights of athletes, to reflect the status of athletes' training, competition, education, life and security, and to evaluate the realization of athletes' rights. Athletes realize right relief through private relief, social relief and public relief.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1;D922.16

【相似文献】