行政非公开取证相关问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 21:10

本文选题：行政取证　切入点：非公开　出处：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：行政取证行为是行政法领域内一个非常重要的行为环节和步骤，但是一直以来都没有给予足够的重视。尤其是非公开性的行政取证行为，在实际取证与执法过程中经常会出现不规范甚至违法的现象。2009年前后以上海某区交通部门的“钓鱼执法”事件以及深圳医保部门医保卡暗访事件为导火索，行政非公开性的取证行为再一次进入人们的视野。到现在，事件热度虽然下降了，但行政领域内的相关问题仍然没有得到彻底的、有效的解决。笔者认为，行政证据作为影响行政执法、行政复议、行政诉讼的决定性因素，相关的规则、程序、界限，甚至相关行为的概念、内涵以及外延都没有一个公认的、明确的通说，这必然会对我国的法治建设进程产生极大的不良影响。本文研究的目标在于：第一，明确界定行政非公开取证行为的内涵和外延，对类行政非公开取证的某些行为例如“钓鱼执法”、“诱惑取证”、“暗访取证”等进行比较，在此基础上总结异同，明确概念的内涵和外延；第二，对采取非公开手段取得的行政证据进行效力认定规则的建立，明确以何种方法取得的何种证据是有效的，以何种方法取得的何种证据是无效的。第三，探讨建立救济被非法行政非公开取证行为所侵害的相对人的方式与方法，分析其启动时机与启动条件。本文以行政非公开取证的界定、启动与结束为脉络，共分三个章节。第一章对行政非公开取证这一概念进行了基本的界定。并通过与一些常见的、易与行政非公开取证行为混淆的类似取证行为，如：诱惑取证、暗访取证等，进行了对比。以此明确了本文所讨论的行政非公开取证行为的内涵与外延，为进一步规制其中问题进行了准备。第二章主要讨论的是行政非公开取证行为的启动阶段所面临的问题。首先以必要性与合法性的角度论争了行政非公开取证行为的存在基础。接着以非公开取证行为的适用范围为主题，通过分析实践中存在的问题试着着手建立起适用案件类型的判断标准。最后讨论了非公开取证行为的主体选择，，分析了其中乱象丛生的根本原因。第三章分析了行政非公开取证行为的结束阶段的规制问题。其中主要内容包括：对非公开取证行为的救济程序分为切入时机与启动条件进行了分析、提出了建立证据规则的方式方法、寻求对受到了非法行政非公开取证行为的相对人进行具体救济的方法以及对行政非公开取证领域相关法律法规的完善提出了一些思路。
[Abstract]:Administrative forensics is a very important link and step in the field of administrative law, but it has not been paid enough attention to all the time. In the actual process of obtaining evidence and enforcing the law, there are often irregularities and even violations of the law. Around 2009, the incident of "fishing law enforcement" by a transportation department in a certain district of Shanghai and the accident of a medical insurance card in Shenzhen medical insurance department were cited as the trigger. The behavior of collecting evidence from the administrative non-public has once again come into people's view. Although the heat of the incident has decreased, the related problems in the administrative field have not been thoroughly solved. As a decisive factor affecting administrative law enforcement, administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation, relevant rules, procedures, boundaries, and even the concept, connotation and extension of related acts, administrative evidence has not been a universally accepted and clear general statement. This will inevitably have a great negative impact on the process of building the rule of law in our country. The purpose of this paper is: first, to define the connotation and extension of administrative non-public evidence collection, and to compare some behaviors of administrative non-public forensics, such as "fishing law enforcement", "temptation to obtain evidence", "secret interview to obtain evidence" and so on. On this basis, the similarities and differences are summarized, and the connotation and extension of the concept are clarified. Secondly, the establishment of rules for determining the effectiveness of administrative evidence obtained by non-public means, and the determination of what kind of evidence obtained by what method is effective. Third, it probes into the ways and methods of establishing relief for the counterpart who has been infringed by the illegal administrative non-public forensics, and analyzes its starting time and conditions. This paper is divided into three chapters: the definition, starting and ending of administrative non-public evidence. The first chapter gives a basic definition of the concept of administrative non-public forensics. The similar evidential behaviors which are easy to be confused with the administrative non-public forensics, such as enticement, secret interview and so on, are compared, and the connotation and extension of the administrative non-public forensics discussed in this paper are clarified. In order to further regulate the problems. The second chapter mainly discusses the problems in the starting stage of the administrative non-public forensics. Firstly, it argues the existence foundation of the administrative non-public evidence taking from the angle of necessity and legality. Then it uses the non-public evidence to collect evidence. The scope of application of the act is the subject, By analyzing the problems in practice, this paper tries to set up the judgment standard of the applicable case types. Finally, it discusses the choice of the subject of the behavior of non-public evidence collection, and analyzes the fundamental causes of the disorder. The third chapter analyzes the regulation of the end stage of the administrative non-public forensics, the main content of which includes: the relief procedure of the non-public forensics is divided into the entry time and the starting conditions. This paper puts forward the ways and means of establishing the rules of evidence, seeking the method of specific relief to the counterpart who has been subjected to illegal administrative non-public evidence collection, and puts forward some ideas for the perfection of the relevant laws and regulations in the field of administrative non-public forensics.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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