失地农民社会保障权的国家义务研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 15:12

  本文选题：失地农民社会保障权　切入点：基本权利　出处：《东南大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：城镇化的进程难以避免肇致失地农民的出现,失地农民社会保障权受到良好的保护既是人性尊严的价值需要,也是宪法宗旨的要求,更是现实的诉求。从宪法“公民权利——国家义务”的结构模式看,失地农民社会保障权最为重要的保护是国家义务的有效履行。就失地农民社会保障权国家义务的体系而言,其内容涵摄具有层进关系的国家尊重义务、国家保护义务和国家给付义务三个重要组成部分。失地农民社会保障权正是以国家尊重义务为首要保护、以保护义务为基本保护、以国家给付义务为核心保护的一种社会权。国家尊重义务不仅在自由法治国下处于首要地位,而且在社会法治国下依然处于首要地位,失地农民社会保障权的国家尊重义务秉持以生存为基础、以尊严为宗旨为原则,在项目与对象方面由特殊到普遍,内容上注重形式平等兼顾公平。失地农民社会保障权基本义务的国家保护义务,遵循“过度禁止”与“不足禁止”的原则,以立法、行政、司法三种方式付诸于预防、排除与救济三个层次的保护义务：在具体实践时,还要受到伦理、国家能力、公民权利与法律边界基本规定的约束与限制。失地农民社会保障权的国家给付义务是核心义务,内在方面是社会面向的社会法治国与个体面向的基本生存与人性尊严的需求,外在方面起到保持社会稳定、消除贫困、维持公平正义的作用。国家给付义务的履行并不是不受限制,它既要受到给付对象与给付范围的约束,又要受到国家能力与失地农民基本生存需求的限制,更要区分即刻实现的国家根本性、基础性的给付以及逐步实现给付的差别。失地农民社会保障权的国家尊重、保护、给付义务都需要立法、行政、司法的综合作用才能实现,通常任何形式的作用都履行不仅一类的国家义务,故任何形式作用的缺失都会造成国家义务履行的缺陷。针对立法方面的法律缺失、滞后、模糊,我们推动了《社会保险法》、《社会救助法》、《城乡居民最低生活保障条例》、《失地农民社会保险条例》等的完善与建构；针对行政上管理机构不完善、监督不力、程序规范缺失、行政复议虚置的弊端,我们强化体制优化、规范运行、程序正当、行政复议的完善；司法方面针对失地农民社会保障权的不法侵害,我们转变司法救济理念、推动宪法诉讼、建构社会权法庭等措施来保护失地农民社会保障的权益。
[Abstract]:The process of urbanization is difficult to avoid the emergence of land-lost farmers. The social security rights of landless farmers are not only the value of human dignity, but also the requirements of the constitutional purpose, but also the demand of reality.The most important protection of the social security rights of landless peasants is the effective implementation of national obligations.As far as the system of the social security rights of landless peasants is concerned, its contents include three important parts: the obligation to respect the state, the obligation to protect and the obligation to pay.The right to social security of landless peasants is just a kind of social right which takes the duty of state respect as the primary protection, the duty of protection as the basic protection, and the obligation of the state as the core protection.The obligation of state respect is not only in the first place under the free law, but also in the social law. The duty of state respect of the peasants' right to social security is based on the principle of survival and dignity.In the project and the object aspect from special to universal, the content pays attention to the form equal consideration fair.The state duty of protection of the basic obligation of the peasants' right to social security of lost land follows the principle of "excessive prohibition" and "insufficient prohibition", and is put into practice in three ways: legislation, administration and judicature.There are three levels of obligation of protection to exclude and remedy: in practice, it is also restricted by the basic provisions of ethics, national capacity, civil rights and legal boundary.The obligation to pay the social security right of the landless peasants is the core obligation, the internal aspect is the social law governing the country facing the society and the basic survival and the human dignity demand of the individual, and the external aspect plays the role of maintaining the social stability and eliminating poverty.The role of fairness and justice.The performance of national obligation to pay is not unlimited. It is not only restricted by the object and scope of payment, but also restricted by the national capacity and the basic subsistence needs of landless farmers, and it is even more necessary to distinguish between the immediate realization of the state and the fundamental nature of the country.Basic payment and gradual realization of the difference in payment.The duty of the state to respect, protect and pay for the social security rights of landless peasants requires the comprehensive role of legislation, administration and justice. Usually, any form of action fulfils more than one kind of national obligation.Therefore, the absence of any form of function will lead to defects in the performance of state obligations.In view of the lack, lag and vagueness of legislation, we have promoted the perfection and construction of the Social Insurance Law, the Social Assistance Law, the minimum living Security regulations of Urban and Rural residents, and the Social Insurance regulations of landless Farmers.In view of the defects of imperfect administrative organization, weak supervision, lack of procedural norms and virtual administrative reconsideration, we should strengthen the optimization of the system, standardize the operation, the proper procedure and the perfection of the administrative reconsideration;In view of the illegal infringement of the peasants' right to social security, we change the concept of judicial relief, promote the constitutional litigation, and construct a court of social rights to protect the rights and interests of the landless peasants' social security.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.182.3
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本文编号：1700944