论我国公有共同设施致害国家赔偿责任制度的构建

发布时间：2018-04-04 07:04

本文选题：公有公共设施　切入点：公有公共设施致害赔偿　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国社会经济的稳步发展,政府的行政理念随之调整,逐渐从管理者转变为具有开放性的服务型政府。科技社会中公众对公共设施的依赖性快速提高,为公众提供安全优质的公共设施成为政府的重要职能。为人们带来舒适便捷的同时公有公共设施致害的案件也日益渐多。目前我国该类案件处理依据是《民法》和《侵权责任法》的相关条款。这样做在法理上是存在争议的,不利于对受害人权益的保护,且国家赔偿范围较窄不利于彰显国家救济职能。本文通过对国内外现状的研究和分析,认为无论从国际趋势还是我国国情来看,将公有公共设施致害赔偿纳入国家赔偿制度的法律基础和社会条件均已成熟。本文通过三个部分进行了分别的阐述:第一部分是公有公共设施致害纳入我国国家赔偿制度的理论及现状研究。从对概念进行界定入手,介绍了公有公共设施的特点,详细说明了公有公共设施致害的释义及构成的要件,并阐述了公有公共设施致害国家赔偿的免责事由。同时对我国目前的立法现状和实践情况及现实存在的问题进行剖析,阐述了必要性,通过行政理念变化、制度条件成熟、经济实力增强等方面论述了可行性。第二部分通过对日本、法国、德国及英美国家公有公共设施致害赔偿的现状研究分析,总结出各个国家的特点,得出我国对域外国家可以借鉴的理论和实践经验;第三部分是针对构建我国公有公共设施致害国家赔偿制度提出的一些建议。从实体法上、程序法上及建立配套的制度三个方面进行论述,分别给出了具体的可行性建议。本文主要创新点体现在以下几个方面:一是明确了公有公共设施的概念,以法人属性对公有公共设施致害责任主体进行划分,并阐述了划分的依据和理由;二是指出了免责适用的情形;三是明确了公有公共设施致害的归责原则应采用过错推定原则;四是给出了构建制度的具体措施及合理化建议。
[Abstract]:With the steady development of our country's social economy, the administrative concept of the government has been adjusted and gradually transformed from the manager to an open service-oriented government.In the society of science and technology, the public's dependence on public facilities increases rapidly, and it becomes an important function of the government to provide the public with safe and high quality public facilities.For people to bring comfort and convenience at the same time the public facilities damage cases are also increasing.At present, the basis for handling such cases in China is the relevant provisions of the Civil Law and the Tort liability Law.This is not conducive to the protection of the rights and interests of the victims, and the narrow scope of state compensation is not conducive to highlighting the national relief function.Based on the research and analysis of the present situation at home and abroad, this paper holds that the legal basis and social conditions for bringing the compensation for damages caused by public utilities into the national compensation system are mature both from the international trend and from the situation of our country.The first part is the research on the theory and present situation of the damage caused by public facilities into the national compensation system of our country.Starting with the definition of the concept, this paper introduces the characteristics of public public facilities, explains in detail the meaning and elements of the damage caused by public public facilities, and expounds the reasons for the state compensation for public utilities' harm.At the same time, this paper analyzes the present legislative situation, the practice situation and the existing problems in our country, expounds the necessity, discusses the feasibility through the change of the administrative idea, the maturity of the system condition, the enhancement of the economic strength, and so on.The second part summarizes the characteristics of each country through the research and analysis of the current situation of compensation for damages caused by public facilities in Japan, France, Germany and the United States and the United States, and draws the theoretical and practical experience that our country can use for reference to the foreign countries.In the third part, some suggestions are put forward to construct the national compensation system of public utilities.Three aspects of substantive law, procedural law and establishment of supporting system are discussed, and some specific feasible suggestions are given.The main innovations of this paper are as follows: first, the concept of public public facilities is defined, and the main body of liability for damage caused by public public facilities is divided by the attribute of legal person, and the basis and reasons for the division are expounded.The second is to point out the situation of exemption from liability; the third is to make clear that the principle of liability for damage caused by public facilities should adopt the principle of presumption of fault; the fourth is to give concrete measures and reasonable suggestions for the construction of the system.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1

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