人民警察枪支使用法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 10:03

本文选题：生命权 + 判明　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国正处于社会转型时期,社会治安形势复杂严峻,恐怖主义也在不断向我国境内渗透,这使得警察的权力在不断扩大,警察对枪支的使用日益增多,公安民警肩负着更多的使命和责任。枪支作为警察维护社会治安和打击犯罪的重要武器,既关系着社会稳定也关系着公民和警察自身的安全。云南3 ·14暴力恐怖袭击事件的发生使我国政府认识到警察佩戴枪支的重要性,开始准许一线警察配枪,而随着枪支佩戴使用的愈加频繁,警察枪支使用相关法律制度的不健全逐渐暴露出来。由于法律对开枪条件规定的不完善,使得警察滥用枪支事件时有发生,威胁着公民的基本权利。因为法律对警察权保障的缺失,也使得许多警察不愿带枪、不敢开枪、不会开枪,这不利于有效制止犯罪,不利于警察职责的履行。政府的行政权是由人民所赋予的,其必须要用来维护公共利益,不能成为个别人谋取私利的工具,因此,我们需要用完善的法律制度来规制行政权的行使,限制行政机关的自由裁量权,保障公民的基本权益。党的十八届四中全会提出要全面推进依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家,而建设中国特色社会主义法律体系是推进依法治国的主要目标,形成完备的法律体系是建设特色社会主义法律体系的必要条件,因此,我国应当健全警察用枪相关法律体系,进一步规制警察对枪支的使用,我们要从以下几方面着手。第一,健全相关法律法规,借鉴西方国家的枪支使用制度,完善警察开枪条件和程序,增加开枪的原则性规定,明确相关法律概念,完善对相关法律的解释。第二,强化警察枪支训练,完善枪支训练内容,增加实弹射击次数,提升警察的文化素养和法律意识。第三,优化枪支管理制度,建立严格的配枪制度,落实日常管理制度,减少不必要的程序。第四,完善事后调查与权利保障制度,设立独立的第三方调查机构,构建违法用枪投诉机制,为使用枪支的警察提供职业保障。我们既要限制警察枪支使用权又要保障警察开枪权的行使,使我国警察枪支使用制度更全面更具操作性,这既有利于对社会治安的维护也有利于保障公民和民警自身权益。警察枪支使用权是强制性的行政权,规制警察用枪也会减少滥用行政权对公民权危害,有利于维护政府的正面形象,提升政府的公信力。
[Abstract]:Our country is in a period of social transition, the social security situation is complex and severe, and terrorism is constantly infiltrating into the territory of our country, which makes the power of the police constantly expand and the use of guns by the police increases day by day. Police are shouldering more missions and responsibilities. As an important weapon for police to maintain public order and combat crime, guns are not only related to social stability, but also to the security of citizens and police themselves. The violent terrorist attacks in Yunnan made our government realize the importance of guns to the police, and began to allow first-line police to carry guns, and as the use of firearms became more and more frequent, The police gun use related legal system is not perfect gradually exposed. Because of the imperfection of the law on the condition of shooting, the abuse of guns by the police occurs from time to time, threatening the basic rights of citizens. Because of the lack of legal guarantee of police power, many policemen are unwilling to carry guns, dare not to shoot, will not shoot, which is not conducive to the effective suppression of crime, is not conducive to the performance of police duties. The executive power of the government is endowed by the people. It must be used to safeguard the public interest and not be used as a tool for individuals to pursue their own interests. Therefore, we need to use a sound legal system to regulate the exercise of administrative power. Limit the discretion of administrative organs and protect the basic rights and interests of citizens. The fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the need to comprehensively promote the rule of law and build a socialist country ruled by law, and building a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics is the main goal of promoting the rule of law. The formation of a complete legal system is a necessary condition for building a socialist legal system with characteristics. Therefore, our country should perfect the relevant legal system of police guns and further regulate the use of guns by the police, we should proceed from the following aspects. First, improve the relevant laws and regulations, learn from the gun use system in western countries, improve the conditions and procedures of police shooting, increase the shooting principle provisions, clarify the relevant legal concepts, improve the interpretation of the relevant laws. Second, strengthen the police gun training, improve the content of gun training, increase the number of live ammunition shooting, improve the police cultural literacy and legal awareness. Third, optimize gun management system, establish strict gun distribution system, implement daily management system and reduce unnecessary procedures. Fourth, perfect the system of ex post investigation and protection of rights, set up independent third party investigation organization, construct the complaint mechanism of illegal gun, and provide professional security for the police who use guns. We should not only restrict the right to use the police guns, but also guarantee the exercise of the police's right to shoot, so as to make the police gun use system more comprehensive and more operable, which is not only conducive to the maintenance of public order but also to the protection of citizens' and police's own rights and interests. The police gun use right is a compulsory administrative power. The regulation of police gun use will also reduce the harm of the abuse of administrative power to civil rights, help to maintain the positive image of the government, and enhance the credibility of the government.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.14

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